THE NEW SCHAFF-HERZOG
Christustypus in der abendlandischen Kunst (Heidelberg, 1SS0); and Kirchengeschichte Deutschlands (4 vols., Leipsic, 1886-1905), in addition to a number of briefer contributions. In 1880 he succeeded G. T. Plitt as joint editor of the second edition of the Herzog-Plitt Realencyklopadie, and on the death of J. J. Herzog in 1882 became sole editor of the encyclopedia, which he carried to a conclusion in 1SSS. He was sole editor of the third edition, 1896-1909, the basis of the present work.
HAUG, JOHANN HEINRICH: German mystic; d. at Berleburg (28 m. s.s.e. of Arnsberg), Westphalia, 1753. He first appears at Strasburg, where he received his master's degree, and was expelled from the city by the church authorities for holding a conventicle of Philadelphians (see Lead, Jane) and other mystic Separatists. Later he found refuge in the castle of Count Casimir at Berleburg, where he remained till his death, directing a Philadelphian organization that extended throughout western Germany. In 1730 Count Zinzendorf visited Berleburg and sought to unify the diverse elements that Haug had brought together; but after a few years the new organization fell to pieces and Haug and other Separatists reverted to their former customs. Haug believed that ultimately all things would be restored, and that Christ would reign on earth for a thousand years. In the interest of mysticism he made the revision of the Bible known as the Berleburg Bible (see Bibles, Annotated, I., § 3). He is said to have been a man of great piety and charming personality, and was regarded by Count Casimir as a prophet of God.
Bibliography: M. Gobel, Geschichle des christlichen Lebens, hi, 103 sqq., Coblentz, 1860; ADB, s. v.
HAUGE, he'ge, HANS NIELSEN: Norwegian lay preacher and revivalist; b. on his father's farm, parish of Tune, south of Smaalenene (the s.e. corner of Norway, Apr. 3, 1771; d. on his estate, Bredtvedt, near Aker (50 m. n. of Christiania), Mar. 29, 1824. His childhood and youth were spent on his father's farm, and his education included no more than the scanty learning of a Norwegian peasant's son of the time. In 1796 he was converted, and at once resolved to preach for the conversion of others. At the outset, he stayed at home, and spoke of conversion and the way of salvation to individuals; but after 1797 he appeared in public as a preacher of righteousness and an exhorter. From 1798 to 1804 he traveled through Norway, chiefly on foot, preaching twice and sometimes four times a day, also writing hundreds of letters and composing books. His speech was incisive and emotional, and made a powerful impression on those who heard him. His writings, though somewhat defective in form, gained wide circulation among the people. He roused a popular religious movement in Norway, many of his friends likewise traveling about as lay preachers; and the general result was profitable to the State Church, although here and there instances of spiritual extravagance and fanaticism occurred.
Hauge's was a highly practical nature; he took great interest in trade and industry, and promoted progress in these fields also. His religious activity
encountered strong opposition from the clergy, who in a rationalistic age looked coldly on the feelings which inspired the peasant lay preacher. To meet the charge of vagrancy brought against himself and his friends, he stationed his friends at many different places in the country, finding for them good properties at low rates, or instructing them to carry on various industrial pursuits, that they might entertain the traveling lay preachers, and that the process of edification might be carried on under a " house father's " supervision. The result was a sort of chain of small brotherhoods, closely interlinked.
In 1804 Hauge was arrested in Christiania, and remained in prison till 1811, with the exception of seven months in 1809, when he was released to promote, with his practical insight, the manufacture of salt. In Dec, 1814, he was condemned to two years of hard labor on the charge of violating the conventicle act. He appealed to the supreme court, which commuted the sentence to a heavy fine and the payment of costs. After his release from prison he lived quietly at Bredtvedt. In his " testament to his friends " he advised them to affiliate with the church pastors and the existing ecclesiastical order. The voluntary activity of laymen which Hauge initiated has wrought much for the church life in Norway. Norwegian immigrants to the United States sympathizing with his views have organized " Hauge's Synod " in the Northwest (see Lutherans). T. G. B. Odland.
Bibliography: The chief work is A. C. Bang, Hans Nielsen Hauge og hans Samtid, Christiania, 1875, substantially reproduced in Zeitschrift fur Diakonie, 1880. A complete bibliography of Hauge literature is by J. B. Halvorsen, Norsk Forfatterlexikon, ii. 571 sqq., cf. i. 163, iii. 213, iv. 330, 1814-80.
HAUPT, ERICH: German Protestant; b. at Stralsund (149 m. n.n.e. of Berlin) July 8, 1841. He was educated at the University of Berlin (1858- 1861), and after teaching in a gymnasium at Kolberg in 1864-66, andTreptowin 1866-78, was appointed professor of theology at Kiel. Five years later he was called to Greifswald in the same capacity, and since 1888 has been professor of New Testament exegesis at Halle. In 1884 he became councilor of the consistory at Stettin, and at Magdeburg in 1902. He has written: Der erste Brief des Johannes (Kolberg, 1869); Die alttestamentlichen Zitate in den vier Evangelien (1871); J ohannes der Tdufer (Giitersloh, 1874); Der Sonntag und die Bibel (Hamburg, 1877); Die Kirche und die akademische LehrfreiMt (Kiel, 1881); Die Bedeutung der heiligen Schrift fiir die evangelischen Christen (Bielefeld, 1891); Die eschatologischen Reden Jesu (Berlin, 1895); Zum Verstandnis des Apostolats im Neuen Testament (Halle, 1896); and Die Gefangenschaftsbriefe des Paulus (Gottingen, 1897). He has likewise been a member of the editorial staff of the Deutsch-ewngelische Blatter since 1901, and of the Theologische Studien und Kritiken since 1902.
HAUPT, PAUL: American Orientalist, layman; b. at Gorlitz (62 m. e. of Dresden), Germany, Nov. 25, 1858. He was educated at the universities of Leipsic (Ph.D., 1878) and Berlin. He became privat-docent in the University of Gottingen in 1880