RELIGIOUS ENCYCLOPEDIA
Haug Havelberg
and three years later was appointed associate professor. He retained this position until 1889, although he left Germany in 1883 to accept the professorship of Semitic languages at Johns Hopkins University, continuing to lecture at Gottingen in the summer. He is director of the Oriental seminary in Johns Hopkins. In theology he is an adherent of the advanced critical school. One of his latest propositions (1908) is to the effect that Jesus Christ was an Aryan, not a Semite. He is the editor of The Polychrome Bible (two series, one of the Hebrew text, and the other of the English translation; Baltimore, Md., 1893 sqq.); and is one of the editors of the Johns Hopkins Contributions to Assyriology and Comparative Semitic Grammar (1889 sqq.), as well as of the Beitrage zurAssyriologie und semitischen Sprachwissenschaft (Leipsic, 1889 sqq.), and of the Assyriologische Bibliothek (1881 sqq.). He has written: Die sumerischen Familiengesetze in Keilschrift, Transcription und Uebersetzung (Leipsic, 1879); Akkadische und sumerische Keilschrifttexte (2 parts, 1881-82); Die akkadische Sprache (Berlin, 1883); Das babylonische Nimrodepos (2 parts, Leipsic, 1884-91); The Book of Canticles (Chicago, 1902); Koheleth (Leipsic, 1905); The Book of Ecclesiastes (Baltimore, 1905); The Book of Nahum (1907) ; and Das sogenannte Hohelied Salomos (Leipsic, 1907).
HAUREAU, o"re"o', JEAN BARTHELEMY: French Roman Catholic; b. in Paris Nov. 9, 1812; d. there Apr. 29, 1896. He was educated at the College Louis le Grand and the College Bourbon, and after being a journalist for several years, became in 1838 editor of the Courrier de la Sarihe at Le Mans, where he was also municipal librarian. In 1845 he returned to Paris, where he was keeper in the BibliothSque Nationale until the coup d'etat of 1852. He then resigned his office, but in 1862 was appointed librarian of the Imprimerie Nationale, of which he was director from 1870 to 1882, when he retired from active life. Among his numerous writings, which made his reputation as the great authority on mediaeval history, special mention may be made of his Critique des hypotheses metaphysiques de Manes, de Pelage et de V idealisme transcendental de Saint Augustin (Le Mans, 1840); Manuel du clerge, ou examen de I'ouvrage de M . Bouvier, eveque du Mans : Dissertatio in sextum decalogi prozceptum (1844); De la philosophic scholastique (2 vols., Paris, 1850); Frangois Premier et sa cour (1853); Charlemagne et sa cour (1854); Hugues de Saint-Victor (1859); Bernard Delicieux et I' inquisition albigeoise (1877); Les Melanges poetiqu.es d'Hildebert de Lavardin (1882); Des Poemes latins attribues a Saint Bernard (1890); Le Poeme adresse par Abelard a son fils Astralabe (1893); and Le " M athematicus " de Bernard Silvestris et la " Passio Sanctae Agnetis " de Pierre Riga (1895). He likewise prepared the greater portions of the fourteenth, fifteenth, and sixteenth volumes of the Gallia Christiana in provincias ecclesiasticas distributa (Paris, 1856-65), and edited Notices et extraits de quelques manuscrits latins de la Bibliotheque Nationale (6 vols., 1890-93).
HAUSMANN, NICOLAUS (NICLAS): German Reformer; b. at Freiberg (20 m. s. w. of Dresden) c 1479; d. there Nov. 3, 1538. After serving for a time as preacher at Schneeberg, he was appointed pastor at the church of St. Mary and chief clergyman at Zwickau, and was there involved with the mystics who adhered to Thomas Miinzer (q.v.). Eleven years later he was appointed pastor at Dessau at the recommendation of Luther. In the latter part of 1538 he was called to Freiberg as superintendent, but was stricken with apoplexy at his very first sermon. Hausmann was one of the oldest and dearest friends of Luther, and may be termed the Reformer of Zwickau and Anhalt.
(G. FRANKf.) Bibliography: O. G. Schmidt, Nicolaus Hausmann, der Freund Luthers, Leipsic, 1860; especially, J. Kostlin, Martin Luther, passim, Berlin, 1903 (quite full).
HAUSRATH, ADOLF: German Reformed; b. at Carlsruhe Jan. 13, 1837. He was educated at the universities of Jena, Gottingen, Berlin, and Heidelberg (1856-60), and after being vicar at Heidelberg from 1860 to 1864, was assessor to the supreme consistory of Baden for three years. In 1867 he was appointed associate professor of church history at Heidelberg, where he has been full professor of the same subject since 1871. His theological position is liberal. He has written: Konrad von Marburg (Heidelberg, 1862); Der Apostel Paulus (1865); Neutestamentliche Zeitgeschichte (4 vols., 1868-74; Eng. transl., Hist, of the N. T Times, 4 vols., London, 1895); Der Vierkapitelbrief des Paulus an die Korinther (1869); David Friedrich Strauss und die Theologie seiner Zeit (2 vols., Munich, 1875- 77); Kleine Schriften religionsgeschichtlichen Inhalts (Leipsic, 1883); Arnold von Brescia (1892); Peter A balard (1893); Martin Luther's Rom fahrt (Berlin, 1894); Die Arnoldisten (Leipsic, 1895); Aleander und Luther auf dem Reichstage zu Worms (Berlin, 1897); Luthers Leben (2 vols., 1904-05); and Richard Rothe und seine Freunde (2 vols., 1904-06).
HAUSSLEITER, JOHANNES: German Lutheran ; b. at Lopsingen (a village near Nordlingen, 50 m. s.w. of Nuremberg), Bavaria, June 23, 1851. He was educated at the universities of Erlangen, Tubingen, and Leipsic (Ph.D., 1884), and since 1891 has been professor of New Testament exegesis at the University of Greifswald. Besides contributing extensively to theological periodicals and encyclopedias and editing August Friedrich Christian Vilmar's Ueber den evangelischen Unterricht in deutschen Gymnasien (Marburg, 1888), he has written Aus der Schule Melanchthons, theologische Disputationen und Promotionen zu Wittenberg in den Jahren lBJfi- 1660 (Greifswald, 1897), and Melanchthon-Kompendium (1902), as well as many briefer works.
HAVELBERG, BISHOPRIC OF: A bishopric founded by Otto I. about 948 for the propagation of Christianity among the Wends (q.v.), taking its name from the town of Havelberg (in Prussia, on the Havel, about 60 m. n.w. of Berlin). The territory of the bishopric extended from the middle Elbe to the Baltic Sea and included the island of Usedom. Originally under the authority of the archbishop of Mainz, it was transferred in 968 to the newly erected
Havelock Hawaiian Islands