THE NEW SCHAFF-HERZOG
lard (1901); Saint Augustine and his Age (1902); Haeckel's Critics answered (1905) ; Religion of Woman (1905); The Origin of Life (1906); Secular Education (1906); Talleyrand (1906); The Bible in Europe; an Inquiry into the Contribution of the Christian Religion to Civilisation (1907) ; Life and Letters of George Jacob Holyoake (2 vols., 1908); and The Decay of the Church of Rome (1909).
MACCABEES. See Hasmoneans.
MACCABEES, BOOKS OF: See Apocrypha, A, IV., 9-11.
MACCABEES, FESTIVAL OF THE: The celebration on Aug. 1 of the martyrdom of the seven brothers and of their mother under Antiochus Epiphanes (cf. II Mace. vii.). The festival dates from the fourteenth century.
Bibliography: H. Wace, The Apocrypha, ii. 589 sqq., in
" Speakers Commentary," London, 1888.
MacCARTHY, WELBORE: Church of England, bishop of Grantham; b. at Cork, Ireland, Apr. 11, 1840. He was educated at Trinity College, Dublin, and St. Aidan's Theological College, Birkenhead, and was ordered deacon in 1867 and ordained priest in the following year. He was successively curate of Preston-Patrick, Westmoreland (1867-68), Ulverston (1868-71), Christ Church, Battersea (1871-72), and Balham, Surrey (1872-73). He then went to India, where he was chaplain at Jhansi, Northwestern Provinces (1874-75), Rangoon, Burma (1875- 1877), St. Paul's Cathedral, Calcutta (1877-82 and 1889-98), Mussooree (1882-84), Meerut (1884-85), Shahjahanpur (1885-87; all three in the Northwestern Provinces), and Lucknow (1888-89). He was likewise commissary to the bishop of Calcutta in 1879-82 and 1891-98, as well as acting archdeacon of Calcutta in 1891-92 and archdeacon in 1892-98. Returning to England in 1898, he was rector of Ashwell in 1898-1901 and vicar of Gainsborough in 1901-05, besides being assistant chaplain of St. George's, Cannes, France, in 1900-05, and rural dean of Corringham and prebendary of Lincoln in 1901-1905. In 1905 he became vicar of Grantham, and in the same year was consecrated bishop of Grantham (suffragan to the bishop of Lincoln).
McCAUL, ALEXANDER: Church of England; b. at Dublin, Ireland, May 16, 1799; d. at London Nov. 13, 1863. He studied at Trinity College, Dublin (B.A., 1819), and in 1821 went to Warsaw, Poland, as a missionary of the London Society for Promoting Christianity among the Jews. At the close of 1822 he returned to England, took orders and became curate of Huntley, near Gloucester, but on his marriage in 1823 he returned to Warsaw, where he lived as head of the Jewish mission and English chaplain till 1830. Settling in London he continued to cooperate with the London Society, which in 1840 made him principal of the Hebrew college in London. In 1841 he was given the professorship of Hebrew and rabbinical literature in King's College, London, to which the chair of divinity was added in 1846. He became rector of St. James's in 1843, prebendary of St. Paul's in
1845, and rector of the parish of St. Magnus, St. Margaret, and St. Michael on Fish Street Hill, in 1850. On the revival of Convocation in 1852 he was elected proctor for the London clergy, whom he represented till his death. He published a large number of single sermons and pamphlets, but his principal works are two series of Warburtonian lectures: Lectures on the Prophecies (London, 1846) and The Messiahship of Jesus (1852). He wrote also Rationalism and the Divine Interpretation of Scripture (1850); Notes on the First Chapter of Genesis (1861); Testimonies to the Divine Authority of the Holy Scriptures (1862), and An Examination of Bishop Colenso's Difficulties with Regard to the Pentateuch (2 parts, 1863-64).
Bibliography: J. B. McCaul, A Memorial Sketch of Alexander McCaul, Oxford, 1863; DNB, xxxv. 1-2.
McCHEYNE, mak-shen, ROBERT MURRAY: Church of Scotland; b. at Edinburgh May 21, 1813; d. at Dundee Mar. 25, 1843. He studied at the University of Edinburgh, where he distinguished himself by his poetical talent, being awarded a prize by Professor John Wilson (" Christopher North ") for a poem on The Covenanters. In 1831 he took up the study of theology at the Divinity Hall of the university under Thomas Chalmers and David Welsh, and on Nov. 7, 1835, he began his ministerial labors at Larbert, near Falkirk, as assistant to John Bonar. On Nov. 24, 1836, he was ordained to the pastorate of St. Peter's Church, Dundee, which he held till his death. In 1839 he was a member of the committee sent to Palestine by the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland to collect information respecting the Jews. On his return he entered upon a successful evangelistic campaign, first at Dundee, then at other places in Scotland and northern England. In the controversy that finally led to the disruption of the Scottish Church he took very decided ground on the non-intrusion side. McCheyne was a fine example of the true Gospel preacher. Long after his death he was constantly referred to as " the saintly Mc- Cheyne." His principal works are, Narrative of a Mission of Inquiry to the Jews in 1839 (in col-
laboration with A. A. Bonar; Edinburgh, 1842); Expositions of the Epistles to the Seven Churches of Asia (Dundee, 1843); The Eternal Inheritance two Discourses (1843); Memoirs and Remains (ed. A. A. Bonar, Edinburgh, 1843, and often; new ed., 1897) ; and Additional Remains, Sermons, and Lectures (1844). The Remains, which have done much to perpetuate McCheyne's memory, consist of sermons, fugitive pieces, and hymns, including the popular " When this passing world is done."
Bibliography: The principal work is the Memoir and Remains by A. A. Bonar, ut sup., abridged ed., Edinburgh, 1865. Consult further the short Life by J. L. Watson, London, 1881; DNB, xxxv. 3.
MACCHI, ma"chl, LUIGI: Cardinal; b. at Viterbo (42 m. n.n.w. of Rome), Italy, Mar. 3, 1832; d. at Rome Mar. 29, 1907. He was ordained to the priesthood in 1859, and was soon appointed privy chamberlain by Pius IX. After being made domestic prelate, vice-president of the hospice for the poor in the Baths of Diocletian, and an incumbent of other offices, he was appointed, in 1875,