THE NEW SCHAFF-HERZOG
rian ministry in 1874, and from that year until 1S79 was pastor at New Scotland, N. Y., after which he traveled in Europe for two years. He was then pastor at Lake Forest, 111., until 1905, and also president of Lake Forest University from 1807 until his resignation in 1901. Since 1905 he has been president of McCormick Theological Seminary. He was also president of the College Board of the Presbyterian Church in the United States of America in 1903-04. He has written: Possibilities (Chicago, 1896); The Man who Wanted to Help (1897); The Great Appeal (1898); Environment (1899); For Hearts that Hope (1900); A mighty Means of Usefulness (1901); Living for the Best (1903); The Growing Pastor (1904); Loyalty the Soul of Religion (1905); and Supreme Things (sermons; 1908).
McCLYMONT, JAMES ALEXANDER: Church of Scotland; b. at Girvan (17 m. s.w. of Ayr), Ayrshire, May 26, 1848. He was educated at the universities of Edinburgh (M.A., 1867; B.D., 1870) and Tubingen, and was assistant in Dundee Parish Church from 1871 to 1874. Since the latter year he has been minister of Holburn Parish, Aberdeen, as well as chaplain to the Gordon Highlanders. He was examiner in Hebrew in Aberdeen University in 1894 and in Hebrew and Biblical criticism in 1906-08, and is also convener of the Business Committee of the Aberdeen Synod and a member of the General Committee of the Church of Scotland. In theology he describes himself as an " Evangelical Broad Churchman." Besides his work as joint editor (with A. H. Charteris) of the Guild Text-Books (Edinburgh, 1890 sqq.) and the Guild Library (London, 1895 sqq.), he has translated J. T. Beck's Pastorallehren des Neuen Testamentes (Giitersloh, 1880) under the title Pastoral Theology of the New Testament (in collaboration with T. Nicol; Edinburgh, 1885); and has written The New Testament and its Writers (1892); St. John's Gospel in The Century Bible (1901); and Greece (London, 1906).
McCOOK, HENRY CHRISTOPHER: Presbyterian; b. at New Lisbon, O., July 3, 1837. He was educated at Jefferson College (B.A., 1859) and at the Western Theological Seminary, Allegheny, Pa. (1859-61). He was first lieutenant, and afterward chaplain, in the Forty-first Regiment Illinois Volunteers. He has held pastorates at Clinton, 111. (1861-63); St. Louis, Mo. (1863-69); and at Philadelphia, Pa. (1869-1902; since 1903, pastor emeritus). He has written: Object and Outline Teaching: Guide Book for Sunday School Workers (St. Louis, 1871); Teacher's Commentary on Gospel Narrative of Last Year of our Lord's Ministry (Philadelphia, 1871); was a contributor to the Tercentenary Book (of the Heidelberg Catechism; 1863); Natural History of the Agricultural Ant of Texas (1879); Honey Ants of the Garden of the Gods and the Occident Ants of the American Plains (1881); Tenants of an Old Farm: Leaves from the Note- Book of a Naturalist (New York, 1885 [1884]); Women Friends of Jesus (1886 [1885]); Gospel in Nature (Philadelphia, 1886) ; American Spiders, and their Spinning Work (3 vols., 1890-93); Old Farm Fairies (1895); The Latimer s: Tale of the Western
Insurrection of 1794 (1898 [1897]); Martial Graves of our Fallen Heroes in Santiago de Cuba (1899); The Senator: a Threnody (1905); Nature's Craftsmen: Popular Studies of Ants and other Insects (New York, 1907); and Ant Communities (1909).
McCORMICK, JOHN NEWTON: Protestant Episcopal bishop coadjutor of western Michigan; b. at Richmond, Va., Feb. 1, 1863. He was educated at Randolph-Macon College, Va. (A.B., 1883) and Johns Hopkins University (1886-88). From 1883 to 1893 he was a Methodist Episcopal minister, but entering the Protestant Episcopal Church he was rector successively of St. Paul's, Suffolk, Va., 1893 to 1895, of St. Luke's, Atlanta, Ga., 1895, and of St. Mark's, Grand Rapids, Mich., 1898. In 1906 he was consecrated bishop coadjutor of western Michigan. He has written: Distinctive Marks of the Episcopal Church (Milwaukee, 1902); The Litany and the Life (1904) ; and Pain and Sympathy (1907).
McCOSH, JAMES: Presbyterian divine and educator; b. at Carskeoch (36 m. s.s.w. of Glasgow), a farm in the parish of Straiton, Ayrshire, Scotland, Apr. 1, 1811; d. at Princeton, N. J., Nov. 16, 1894. He was destined at an early age for the ministry by his father, who put him under the tuition of a pious man, one Quentin Smith. In 1824 he entered the University of Glasgow, and in 1829 he removed to the University of Edinburgh (M.A., 1834), where he studied divinity under Chalmers. He was licensed by the presbytery of Ayr in 1834 and was settled first in Arbroath, a parish of sailors and artizans, but in 1838 he was appointed pastor at Brechin, Forfarshire. At the disruption of 1843 he entered the Free Church and became superintendent of a mountainous district in Forfarshire. In 1850 he was called to Queen's College, Belfast, as professor of logic and metaphysics. There he not only devoted himself to the duties of his chair, but also interested himself in Evangelical work in Smithfield, establishing a church and founding schools. He took great interest in Irish affairs and was a firm advocate of the national system of schools. He desired the abolition of the Reyium Donum, yet he suggested a sustentation fund, as he had done before in Scotland. In the summer of 1858 he traveled in Germany; and in 1866 he made a journey to the United States, investigating chiefly the system of education in use here. In May, 1868, he was elected president of the College of New Jersey, Princeton, which position he retained until his resignation in 1888. McCosh was one of Princeton's most influential presidents; he introduced, but with more restrictions than at Harvard and at Yale, the elective system. He was a firm, although kind, disciplinarian. After his resignation he still showed interest in the college, continuing his lectures there on philosophy for two years. As a philosopher McCosh takes a high rank; he was a firm believer in realism and strongly opposed both to idealism and to materialism. He always strove to keep abreast of the times, from the start giving his assent to the doctrine of evolution and showing how it could be reconciled with the Gospel teachings, in which he was always a firm believer. Of his voluminous