RELIGIOUS ENCYCLOPEDIA
McClymont McCrie
works the more important are : The Method of Divine Government, Physical and Moral (Edinburgh, 1850) ; Typical Forms and Special Ends in Creation (1855), in collaboration with G. Dickie; The Intuitions of the Mind, Inductively Investigated (London, 1860); The Supernatural in Relation to the Natural (Cambridge, 1862); A Defense of Fundamental Truth; being an Examination of Mr. J S. Mill's Philosophy (London, 1866); The Laws of Discursive Thought (1870); Christianity and Positivism (New York, 1871); The Scottish Philosophy, Biographical, Expository, Critical (London, 1874); The Emotions (1880); Psychology: the Cognitive Powers (1886); Psychology: the Motive Powers, Emotions, Conscience, Will (1887); The Realistic Philosophy Defended (1887); The Religious Aspect of Evolution (1888); Gospel Sermons (1888); The First and Fundamental Truths (1889); and Our Moral Nature (1892).
Bibliography: Life of James McCosh, a Record chiefly Autobiographical, ed. W. M. Sloane, New York, 1896 (contains a list, by J. H. Dulles, of the published writings of Dr. McCosh).
MACCOVIUS, ma-co'vi-us, JOHANNES (Jan Makowsky): Polish Reformed theologian; b. at Lobzenic, Poland, 1588; d. at Franeker, Holland, June 24, 1644. After visiting various universities as the tutor of young Polish nobles, and holding disputations with Jesuits and Socinians, he entered the University of Franeker in 1613. There he became privat-docent in 1614 and professor of theology in 1615 Theologically he was a rigid Calvinist of the extreme supralapsarian school, and theses of a corresponding character, defended in 1616 by one of his pupils, involved him in a controversy with his colleague Sibrandus Lubbertus (q.v.) which was settled only by the Synod of Dort in 1619. The synod, while neither approving nor condemning his supralapsarianism, acquitted Maccovius of the charges of heresy brought against him, but advised him to be more cautious and peaceable. Nevertheless, he became involved in another controversy at Dort with his subsequent colleague William Ames (q.v.) by asserting that all things that must be believed are not necessarily true, that no impulse toward regeneration and effecting it exists in the unregenerate, and that Christ is the object of faith because of whom, but not in whom, man must believe. Maccovius' theory of Scripture was very free, and he distinguished sharply between scholarship and beliefs essential to salvation. His fame attracted many students to Franeker. His chief works are: Collegia theologica (Amsterdam, 1623); and the posthumous Maccovius redivivus sive manuscripta eius typis exscripta (Franeker, 1647) and Loci communes (1650). (S. D. van Veen.)
Bibliography: A. Kuyper, Jr., Johannes Maccovius, Leyden, 1899; E. L. Briemoet, Athenarum Frisiacarum libri, pp. 151-160, Leeuwarden, 1758; J. Heringa Ez, in Archie/ voor Kerkelijke Geschiedenis, 1831, iii. 503-564; W. B. S. Boeles, Frieslands Hoogeschool en het Rijks Athenceum te Franeker, ii. 90-94, Leeuwarden, 1889.
MacCRACKEN, HENRY MITCHELL: Presbyterian; b. at Oxford, O., Sept. 28, 1840. He was educated at Miami University, Oxford, O. (A.B., 1857), United Presbyterian Theological Seminary,
Xenia, O. (1860-62), Princeton Theological Seminary (from which he was graduated in 1863), and the universities of Tubingen and Berlin (1867-68). In 1857-58 he was a teacher of classics in Grove Academy, Cedarville, O., and in 1858-60 was superintendent of the Union Schools of South Charleston, O., after which be was pastor of the Westminster Presbyterian Church, Columbus, O. (1863-67), and the First Presbyterian Church, Toledo, O. (1868-81). He was then chancellor of Western University, Pittsburg, Pa., for three years (1881- 1884), and from 1884 to 1891 was professor of philosophy and vice-chancellor of New York University, and from 1891 to 1910 chancellor of the same institution. He was a deputy to the General Assembly of the Free Church of Scotland in 1867 and to the General Assembly of the Irish Presbyterian Church in the same year and in 1884. He has edited, translated, and enlarged F. Piper's Evangelischer Calender (Berlin, 1875) under the title Lives of the Leaders of our Church Universal (Philadelphia, 1880).
McCRIE, THOMAS : The name of two prominent Scotch Presbyterians.
1. The biographer of John Knox; b. at Dun (36 m. e.s.e. of Edinburgh), Berwickshire, Nov., 1772; d. at Edinburgh Aug. 5, 1835. After teaching for a time in the neighboring elementary schools he studied at the University of Edinburgh (1788- 1791), but did not graduate. In 1791 he opened an " anti-burgher " school at Brechin, where he resided for three years, except during the few weeks which were annually required for attendance at the theological seminary of the General Associate Synod (anti-burgher) at Whitburn. He was licensed in
1795 by the associate presbytery of Kelso, and in
1796 he was ordained pastor of the Potterrow Church, Edinburgh. In 1806, owing to differences about the province of civil magistrates in religious affairs, a schism occurred in the anti-burgher denomination, and McCrie and three other ministers withdrew from the General Associate Synod and on Aug. 28, 1806, organized the Constitutional Associate Presbytery, which in 1827 was merged in the Synod of Original Seceders. At the end of a lawsuit McCrie was ejected from the Potterrow Church in 1809. His congregation then built him the West Richmond Street Church, where he continued his ministrations till his death. During the years 1816-18 he filled the chair of divinity in the theological seminary of his denomination. Mc- Crie's works grew chiefly out of investigations which the controversies of the time led him to make into the early history of the Church of Scotland. His most important work is his Life of John Knox (2 vols., Edinburgh, 1812; 2d ed., enlarged, 1813), which not only placed McCrie in the front rank of the authors of his day, but also produced a great change of popular sentiment in regard to Knox. It was distinguished by original, painstaking research, independence of judgment, judicial fairness of mind, and singular clearness of style; and its effect on the general estimate of Knox among men was not unlike that produced, in the succeeding generation, in reference to Cromwell, by the publication of Carlyle's monograph. There is reason to
McCrie Macedonios