RELIGIOUS ENCYCLOPEDIA
Maccabees MoClure
mmstro di camera, an office in which he was confirmed by Leo XIII. In 1886 he became major domo and prefect of the apostolic palaces, and in the former capacity successfully carried out the jubilee of the Pope's ordination to the priesthood. In 1889 he was created cardinal-deacon of Santa Maria in Aquiro, and after 1896 was cardinal-deacon of Santa Maria in Via Lata. Although not a bishop, the cardinal was made abbot in commendam of San Benedetto di Subiaco in 1890, and was secretary of the Congregation of Briefs and great chancellor of all papal orders of knights, as well as a member of the congregations of the Council, Rites, Ceremonies, and Indulgences.
McCLELLAN, JOHN BROWN: Church of England; b. in Glasgow, Scotland, Mar. 7, 1836. He was educated at Trinity College, Cambridge (B.A., 1858; M.A., 1861). He was fellow of his college (1859-61). Ordained deacon in 1860, and priest in 1861, he was vicar of Bottisham, Cambridgeshire (1861-80); and rural dean of first division of Camp's deanery (1871-77). In 1880 he was appointed principal of the Royal Agricultural College at Cirencester, Gloucestershire. He is the author of: Fourth Nicene Canon and the Election and Consecration of Bishops (London, 1870) ; and The New Testament: A New Translation (only one vol. published; 1875).
McCLINTOCK, JOHN: Methodist Episcopalian; b. in Philadelphia Oct. 27, 1814; d. at Madison, N. J., Mar. 4, 1870. He was graduated from the University of Pennsylvania in 1835 and was received as a traveling preacher in the New Jersey Annual Conference the same year. From 1836 to 1848 he taught in Dickinson College, Carlisle, Penn., holding the chair of mathematics 1836-40, and that of Greek and Latin 1840-48. He was then editor of The Methodist Quarterly Review 1848-56. In 1857 he went to England as a delegate to the Wesleyan Methodist Conference. He was pastor of St. Paul's Methodist Church, New York, 1857-60, and pastor of the American Chapel, Paris, 1860-64. During the Civil War in America his pen was constantly active in the interest of the Union cause. In 1864 he was recalled to St. Paul's, but ill health forced him to resign a year later. From 1867 till his death he was president of the newly established Drew Theological Seminary, Madison, N. J. He was an eloquent and impressive preacher and one of the best scholars that his denomination has produced. In addition to a popular series of Greek and Latin text-books and numerous articles in periodicals, he published Analysis of Watson's Theological Institutes (New York, 1842; a translation of Neander's Life of Christ (1847); Sketches of Eminent Methodist Ministers (1852); The Temporal Power of the Pope (1853); and a translation of Bungener's History of the Council of Trent (1855). His most important work, however, was the Cyclopadia of Biblical, Theological, and Ecclesiastical Literature (10 vols, and Supplement 2 vols., New York, 1867-87). In collaboration with James Strong he began to collect materials for this work as early as 1853, but lived to see only three volumes through the press. After his death there appeared Living Words (1870), a
volume of sermons; and Lectures on Theological Encyclopaedia and Methodology (1873).
Bibliography: G. R. Crooks, Life and Letters of Rev. John McClintock, New York, 1876.
McCLOSKEY, JOHN: American cardinal; b. in Brooklyn Mar. 20, 1810; d. in New York Oct. 10, 1885. He studied at Mount St. Mary's College, Emmitsburg, Md., was ordained priest in 1834, and then pursued postgraduate studies in theology at the Roman College. Returning to America in 1837 he was assigned for parish duty to St. Joseph's Church, New York City. When St. John's College, Fordham, was opened in 1841 he was appointed its first president, but the year following he returned to his parish work at St. Joseph's. In 1844 he was appointed coadjutor to Bishop Hughes of the diocese of New York, being made titular bishop of Axiere, in partibus infidelium. He was consecrated Mar. 10, and though assisting the bishop in his episcopal functions, he retained his position as pastor of St. Joseph's parish. In 1847 he was transferred from New York to become the first bishop of the newly erected diocese of Albany, and this post he filled during the ensuing seventeen years. The new diocese included nearly all of the northern and eastern portions of the state of New York, and throughout this vast territory Roman Catholics were relatively few and without resources; there were in all only about forty churches and many of these were without priests. During his administration conditions were greatly improved and much was done by way of organization and development. Thus in Albany he built the fine cathedral of the Immaculate Conception, which was dedicated in 1852; new parishes were established in great numbers throughout the diocese; many schools and homes were erected, and in 1864 St. Joseph's Provincial Seminary for the training of ecclesiastical students was opened in Troy. In May of the same year he was appointed to succeed Archbishop Hughes in the metropolitan see of New York. In this capacity he attended the Vatican Council in 1870, and was a member of the committee on ecclesiastical discipline. In 1875 he was made cardinal by Pius IX. with the title of Sancta Maria supra Minervam. On the death of Pius IX. in 1878 he left for Rome in order to attend the conclave in which Leo XIII. was elected, but arrived too late to take part in the proceedings. He had a distinguished career as a churchman, having taken an important part in the remarkable development of the Roman Catholic Church in New York during that period. He was a prelate of more than ordinary scholarship, and though mild and gentle in character, he possessed the firmness necessary to the leader, together with great executive ability James F. Driscoll.
Bibliography: J. G Shea, Hist, of the Catholic Church within the IAmits of the United States, vol. iv., passim, New York, 1892; Lives of the Clergy of New York and Brooklyn, ib. 1874.
McCLURE, JAMES GORE KING: Presbyterian; b. at Albany, N. Y., Nov. 24, 1848. He was educated at Yale (A.B., 1870) and Princeton Theological Seminary, from which he was graduated in 1873. He was ordained to the Presbyte-
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