THE NEW SCHAFF-HERZOG
Sermons (1894); Jesus and Jonah (1897); and The Authorship of Deuteronomy (1902).
McGARVEY, WILLIAM: Roman Catholic; b. at Philadelphia Aug. 14, 1861. He was educated by private tutors and at the General Theological Seminary, from which he was graduated in 1886. He was ordained to the priesthood of the Protestant Episcopal Church (1886); was curate of the Church of the Evangelists, Philadelphia (1886-96); rector of St. Elizabeth's, Philadelphia (1896-1908); but in 1908, together with his assistant clergy, embraced Roman Catholicism, the immediate cause of his conversion being his fear that a so-called " open pulpit " would be permitted in the Episcopal Church. While in his former communion he was superior of the Congregation of the Companions of the Saviour and chaplain general of the Sisters of Saint Mary in the United States. He has written: The Ceremonies of a Low Celebration (Milwaukee, 1891); Liturgice Americana (Philadelphia, 1895); The Doctrine of the Church of England on the Real Presence (Milwaukee, 1900); and Ceremonies of the Mass (in collaboration with C. P. A. Burnett; New York, 1905).
McGIFFERT, ARTHUR CUSHMAN: Congregationalist; b. at Sauquoit, N. Y., Mar. 4, 1861. He was educated at Western Reserve College (A.B., 1882), Union Theological Seminary (from which he was graduated in 1885), and France, Italy, and Germany (Ph.D., Marburg, 1888). Returning to the United States in 1888, he was appointed instructor in church history in Lane Theological Seminary, a position which he held until 1890, when he was promoted to a full professorship of the same subject. Three years later (1893), he was appointed to his present position of professor of church history in Union Theological Seminary, New York. In theology he belongs to the critical school, and has written, in addition to translating the " Ecclesiastical History " of Eusebius (New York, 1890), Dialogue between a Christian and a Jew entitled avTtpo7i.ii HavioKov nai fyiAuvoc 'lovdaiovrpbr \i6va\6v riva (New York, 1888) ; A History of Christianity in the Apostolic Age (1897); The Apostles' Creed (1902); and The Christian Point of View (in collaboration with F. Brown and G. W. Knox; 1902).
McGREADY, JAMES: Presbyterian; b. in western Pennsylvania about 1758 or 1760; d. at Henderson, Ky., Feb., 1817. He was educated for the ministry at a school in Cannonsburg, Pa., and was licensed to preach on Aug. 13, 1788. His first parish was in Orange County, N. O, but in 1796 he moved to Logan County, Ky., where, beginning in 1797, he took a prominent part in the great revival, holding the first camp-meetings there in July, 1800. It was partly due to his influence in ordaining young men who were without a classical education that the Cumberland Presbyterian Church seceded from the main body (see Presbyterians). McGready, who had really never seceded, was speedily reconciled to his church, having been prohibited from preaching for only a year or two, and was sent in 1811 as a missionary to found churches in southern Indiana. His sermons were edited by J. Smith (vol. i., Louisville,
1831; vol. h\, Nashville, 1833). See Revivals op
Religion, III., 2, § 2.
Bibliography: E. H. Gillett, Hist, of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A., passim, Philadelphia, 1864; R. V. Foster, in American Church History Series, xi. 260, 261, 268 272, New York, 1894.
MACHiERUS: A fortress in Peraea, nine miles east of the northern end of the Dead Sea, identified with the modern Mkawr. It was built by Alexander Jannseus, destroyed by Gabinius, rebuilt by Herod the Great. Josephus points it out as the place in which the beheading of John the Baptist took place.
Bibliography: Sources are: Josephus, War, I., v. 8, II xviii. 6, VII., vi. 1-2, 4; Ant., XIV., v. 4, XVIII., v. 1-2; Pliny, Hist, nat., v. 16, 72. Consult: G. A. Smith, Historical Geography of the Holy Land, pp. 569-570, London, 1897; Schiirer, Oeschichte, i. 438-441 et passim, Eng! transl., I., ii. 250-251 et passim.
MACHPELAH: The name of the cave, or of the place near Hebron where the cave was situated, which Abraham bought of Ephron the Hittite for a family sepulcher. The name occurs only Gen. xxiii. 9, 17, 19, xxv. 9, xlix. 30, 1. 13; and according to these passages and their context Abraham and Sarah, Isaac and Rebekah, Jacob and Leah were buried there. The place which holds what is traditionally regarded as the cave is surrounded by a wall 194 feet long and fifty-eight feet high, constructed of huge stones, and reminding one, both in design and workmanship, of the foundation of the temple in Jerusalem. Within this enclosure is a Mohammedan mosque; and strangers, that is, non-Mohammedans, are rigidly excluded from the building. In 1862 the Prince of Wales, accompanied by Dean Stanley, visited Hebron; and, on special orders from Constantinople, the mosque was opened to them. In 1882 the same courtesy was extended during a visit paid by Princes Albert Victor and George of Wales, accompanied by Canon Dalton, Sir Charles Wilson, and Capt. Conder.
Bibliography: An indispensable account, historical in method and summarizing the accounts of travelers from the fourth century on, as well as giving exact references to collections and sources, is found in DB, iii. 197-202. Consult further: W. M. Thomson, The Land and the Book, ii. 381-388, 586, New York, 1859; A. P. Stanley, Lectures on the History of the Jewish Church, i. 535 sqq., ib. 1863; J. Fergusson, Holy Sepulchre and the Temple, London, 1865; C. Ritter, Comparative Geography of Palestine, iii. 305-323, Edinburgh, 1866; P. Schaff, Through Bible Lands, pp. 212 sqq., New York, 1878; PEF, Memoirs, Survey of Western Palestine, iii. 305, London, 1883.
McILVAINE, CHARLES PETTIT: Protestant Episcopalian; b. at Burlington, N. J., June 18, 1799; d. at Florence, Italy, Mar. 14, 1873. He graduated at Princeton in 1816, then spent two years in the Princeton Theological Seminary. He was minister of Christ Church, Georgetown, D.C., 1820-25, chaplain to the United States senate 1822 and 1824, professor of ethics and chaplain in the United States Military Academy, West Point, 1825- 1827, pastor of St. Ann's Church, Brooklyn, 1827- 1832, professor of the evidences of revealed religion and sacred antiquities in New York University 1831-32, and bishop of the diocese of Ohio 1832- 1873. He was also president of Kenyon College,