THE NEW SCHAFF-HERZOG
burgh (M.A., 1881), the Congregational Theological Hall, Edinburgh, and the universities of Gottingen and Marburg (1881-82). He then entered the ministry of his denomination, and held successive pastorates at Montrose, Kincardineshire (1882- 1889), and Morningside, Edinburgh (1889-95). From 1895 to 1903 he was professor of systematic theology in Chicago Theological Seminary, and since 1904 has been professor of the same subject and president of Hartford Theological Seminary. He has written: The Ethics of Gambling (London, 1893); The Revelation of the Christ (1893); Christianity and the Progress of Man (Chicago, 1897); South Africa: Its History, Heroes, and Wars (1900); and John Mackenzie, South African Missionary and Statesman (biography of his father; New York, 1902) .
McKIBBIN, WILLIAM: Presbyterian; b. at Pittsburg, Pa., May 24, 1850. He was educated at Princeton College (A.B., 1869), and after studying law at Philadelphia, entered Western Theological Seminary, Allegheny, Pa., from which he was graduated in 1873. He then held successive pastorates at the Seventh Presbyterian Church, Pittsburg (1873-74), Central Presbyterian Church, St. Paul, Minn. (1874-79), Second Presbyterian Church, Pittsburg (1880-88), and First Presbyterian Church, Walnut Hills, Cincinnati, O. (1888-1904) . Since 1904 he has been president and professor of systematic theology in Lane Theological Seminary, Cincinnati.
MACKIE, GEORGE MONRO: Scotch Presbyterian; b. at Banchory (15 m. s.w. of Aberdeen), Kincardineshire, Oct. 27, 1853. He was educated at the University of Aberdeen and the Divinity Hall of Edinburgh University, and since 1880 has been minister of the Anglo-American congregation and missionary of the Church of Scotland Jewish Mission at Beirut, Syria. In addition to his missionary and pastoral work, he has devoted himself to the study of oriental life as illustrative of the Bible, and in theology holds " that a man becomes a Christian by giving himself to Christ as a dwelling-place for His Spirit; that this indwelling will show itself in likeness to Christ personally, and socially in kindness to all in whom the same Spirit is already dwelling or desiring to dwell; and that in the statesmanship of the Gospel, while all past and present forms of church membership and government have rendered in their day most important service, they are quite unable to produce that conception of a great citizenship that is necessary for a kingdom that is destined to conquer the world for Christ." He has written Bible Manners and Customs (Edinburgh, 1898).
McKIM, JOHN: Protestant Episcopal bishop of Tokyo, Japan; b. at Pittsfield, Mass., July 17, 1852. He was educated at Griswold College, Davenport, la. (A.B., 1876), and Nashotah House, Nashotah, Wis., from which he was graduated in 1879. He was ordered deacon in 1878 and advanced to the priesthood in the following year. After working for a brief time in the diocese of Chicago, he went to Japan as a missionary (1880), where in thirteen years he was able to report seventeen stations and substations, with headquarters
at Osaka. In 1893 he was consecrated missionary bishop of Tokyo.
McKIM, RANDOLPH HARRISON: Protestant Episcopalian; b. at Baltimore, Md., Apr. 15, 1842. He was educated at the University of Virginia (A.B., 1861), and served in the Confederate Army throughout the Civil War. He was ordered deacon in 1864 and ordained priest in 1866, after having been curate of Emanuel Church, Baltimore, in 1865-66. He then held successive rectorates at St. John's, Portsmouth, Va. (1866-67), Christ Church, Alexandria, Va. (1867-75), Holy Trinity, New York City (1875-86), and Trinity, New Orleans, La. (1886-88). Since 1889 he has been rector of the Church of the Epiphany, Washington, D. C. He was likewise president of the House of Clerical and Lay Deputies from 1904 to 1907, and has written: A Vindication of Protestant Principles (New York, 1879); The Nature of the Christian Ministry (1880); Future Punishment (1883); Bread in the Desert, and other Sermons (1887); Christ and Modern History (1893); Leo XIII. at the Bar of History (Washington, D. C, 1897); Present Day Problems of Christian Thought (New York, 1900); The Gospel in the Christian Year (1902); The Confederate Soldier, his Motives and Aims (Washington, 1904); and The Problem of the Pentateuch (New York, 1906).
McKINNEY, ALEXANDER HARRIS: Presbyterian; b. in New York City July 28, 1858. He was educated at the College of the City of New York (A.B., 1881), Union Theological Seminary (from which he was graduated in 1886), and New York University (Ph.D., 1891). He taught school in 1881-83, and has held successive pastorates at Romeyn Chapel, New York City (1886), and Olivet Memorial Church in the same city (1887-99). From 1899 to 1903 he was superintendent of Interdenominational Sunday-school Work in New York State, and in 1904 was associate editor of the Westminster Lesson Helps, while since 1905 he has been assistant pastor of the First Presbyterian Church, Newark, N. J. In theology he describes his position as that of one " always working toward the best." He has written : The Bible School Manual (New York, 1898); Bible School Pedagogy (1900); The Child for Christ (Chicago, 1902); After the Primary, What? (1904); and The Pastor and Teacher Training (Nashville, 1905).
MACKINTOSH, CHARLES HENRY: Plymouth Brother; b. in County Wicklow, Ireland, in 1820; d. at Cheltenham (7 m. n.e. of Gloucester) Nov. 2, 1896. He was schoolmaster at Westport, County Mayo, Ireland, for a few years. But for the greater part of his life he devoted himself to evangelism and pastoral ministry as well as to religious journalism, as editor of the monthly periodical Things New and Old; and to religious literature. He was the author of the Notes by C. H. M. on all the books of the Pentateuch, which enjoyed great popularity, being sold in enormous quantity, especially in the United States; so that the initials "C. H. M." under which they were issued were very familiar while probably the name they stood for was