RELIGIOUS ENCYCLOPEDIA
McGarvey Mackenzie
Gambier, O., 1832^10, and the head of the theological seminary of his diocese. During the Civil War he was a member of the sanitary commission, and in 1861, in company with Archbishop Hughes and Thurlow Weed, he went to England on a semiofficial mission in connection with the Trent affair. He was a pronounced " Evangelical," and for years he was regarded as the leader of the Low-church party in the Protestant Episcopal Church. His principal works are, The Evidences of Christianity (New York, 1832), lectures delivered at New York University; Oxford Divinity compared with that of the Romish and Anglican Churches (Philadelphia, 1841), which was regarded as a good refutation of the Oxford school; The Holy Catholic Church (1844) ; and The Truth and the Life (New York, 1855), twenty-two sermons. Bibliography: W. Cams, Memorials of Rev. C. P. Mcll-
vaine, New York, 1881; W. S. Perry, The Episcopate in
America, p. 65, ib. 1895.
MACK, ALEXANDER. See Dunkees, I., §§ 1-2.
MACKAY, ALEXANDER MURDOCH: Missionary to Uganda; b. at Rhymie (31 m. n.w. of Aberdeen) Oct. 13, 1849; d. at Uganda Feb. 4, 1890. He studied at the Free Church Training School for Teachers at Edinburgh, at Edinburgh University, and in Berlin. He displayed a great aptitude for mechanics, and spent several years as a draftsman in Germany. In 1875 he offered his services as a missionary to the Church Missionary Society, was accepted, reached Zanzibar on his way to his field May 30, 1876, and Uganda in Nov., 1878. There, largely through his knowledge of practical mechanics, he enjoyed the protection of Mutesa; but when Mwanga came to the throne in 1884, Mackay's position became difficult because of the king's opposition, a/id there was little change when Kiwewa succeeded to the throne in 1888. Mackay still held on, however, and it is largely due to his courage, energy, and devotion that the mission in Uganda is in its present flourishing condition (see Africa, II., Uganda). He fell a victim to malarial fever, and succumbed after four days of illness, having spent fourteen years in Africa without once having visited his native country.
Bibliography: Alexander M. Mackay, Pioneer Missionary of the Church Missionary Society in Uganda; by his Sister, new ed., London, 1899; Alexander Mackay, Missionary Hero of Uganda, ib. 1893.
MACKAY-SMITH, ALEXANDER: Protestant Episcopal bishop-coadjutor of Pennsylvania; b. at New Haven, Conn., June 2, 1850. He was educated at Trinity College, Hartford, Conn. (A.B., 1872), and received his theological training partly in the General Theological Seminary and partly in England and Germany. He was ordered deacon in 1876 and advanced to the priesthood in the following year. After being successively curate of Grace Church, Boston (1877-80), and St. Thomas's, New York City (1880-86), he was first archdeacon of New York from 1887 to 1893, and from the latter year to 1902 was rector of St. John's, Washington, D. C. In 1902 he was consecrated bishopcoadjutor of Pennsylvania, after having declined the coadjutor-bishopric of Kansas.
McKENZIE, ALEXANDER: Congregationalist; b. at New Bedford, Mass., Dec. 14, 1830. He was educated at Phillips Academy, Andover, Harvard College (A.B., 1859), and Andover Theological Seminary, graduating in 1861. Ordained in 1861, he became pastor of the South Church in Augusta, Me., in 1861, and of the First Church in Cambridge, Mass., in 1867. In 1882 he acted as lecturer on theology of the New Testament in Andover Theological Seminary and in Harvard Divinity School. He wrote: Two Boys (Boston, 1870); History of First Church in Cambridge (1873); Cambridge Sermons (1883); Some Things Abroad (1887); Christ Himself (1891); A Door Opened (1898); Divine Force in Life of the World (1899); and Getting One's Bearing (New York, 1903).
MACKENZIE, CHARLES FREDERICK: Bishop of Central Africa; b. at Portmore (5 m. n. of Peebles), Peeblesshire, Scotland, Apr. 10, 1825; d. on the island of Malo (at the confluence of the Shire and Ruo rivers; 415 m. w.s.w. of Mozambique), British Central Africa, Jan. 31, 1862. He was educated at Cambridge (B.A., 1848; M.A., 1851), and became fellow of Caius College and curate of Haslingfield, Cambridgeshire, in 1851. In 1855 he accompanied J. W. Colenso, bishop of Natal, to Africa. He officiated as priest among the English settlers, first at Durban, and afterward at a post on the Umhlali river. In 1859 he returned to England, but in 1860 he sailed for Cape Town as head of the Universities' Mission to Central Africa. There he was consecrated bishop of Central Africa Jan. 1, 1861. He settled at Magomero, in the Manganja territory, and labored there for almost a year. While hurrying to meet Livingstone he fell ill of a fever and died.
Bibliography: H. Goodwin, Memoir of Bishop Mackenzie, London, 1865; Francis Awdry, An Elder Sister: a short Sketch of Annie Mackenzie and her Brother, the Missionary Bishop, London, 1878; DNB, xxxv. 136-138.
MACKENZIE, JOHN KENNETH: Medical missionary; b. at Yarmouth, Eng., Aug. 25, 1850; d. at Tien-tsin, China, Apr. 1, 1888. His education was in a Bristol private school, his conversion took place in one of the Moody and Sankey meetings held in Bristol in 1867, where he had held a clerkship for a couple of years. He then joined the Presbyterian Church. Determining to become a medical missionary he studied at Bristol and London from 1870 to 1874 and went to China under appointment of the London Missionary Society. He opened the medical station at Hankow in 1875 and stayed there till 1879, when from motives of health he moved to Tien-tsin where he conducted the hospital till his death. He was a man of unusual gifts and by his professional skill, his ability to win the confidence of the Chinese, and his devoted life ranks with the best of the missionaries, although his career was so short.
Bibliography: Mrs. Mary Isabella Bryson, John Kenneth Mackenzie, Medical Missionary in China, London, 1891.
MACKENZIE, WILLIAM DOUGLAS: Congregationalist; b. at Fauresmith (80 m. s.e. of Kimberley), Orange Free Colony, South Africa, July 16, 1859. He was educated at the University of Edin-
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