THE NEW SCIIAFF-HERZOG
vols., London, 1890-91); The Brazen Serpent, and other Addresses (1893); and The Lord our Shepherd, and other Addresses (1898).
MACON (MATISCO): A city of Burgundy, in which three synods were held. One, in 581, at which twenty-one bishops were present, issued nineteen canons, of which the seventh threatens with excommunication any civil judge who dares to proceed against a clerk, except in criminal cases, while canons 13-16 are aimed at the Jews. Another, in 585, at which forty-three bishops were present in person, and twenty were represented by deputies, issued twenty canons, of which the eighth forbade any one who had sought refuge in the sanctuary to be touched without the consent of the priest; while the ninth and tenth forbade the civil power to proceed against a bishop, except through his metropolitan, or against a priest or deacon, except through his bishop. The third was held between 617 and 627, and decided against an attempt to do away with the rule of St. Columban. The acts and canons are not extant.
Bibliography: Hefele, Conciliengeschichte, iii. 36—41, 74, Eng. transl., iv. 402-409, 444.
MACRINA, ma-cri'na: The name of two female saints of the early Church.
1. Macrina the Elder: Grandmother of Basil the Great and Gregory of Nyssa; d. at Neocaesarea c. 340. Of her life little is known. She seems to have married into a rich and distinguished family of Pontus, and Basil assumes (Epist. cciv.) that she was remembered in Neocaesarea for more than a generation after her death. He says that she told him stories of Gregory Thaumaturgus, and influenced his life by her teaching in his childhood. Gregory mentions (Vita Macrina junioris, MPG, xlvi. 961-980) that she suffered persecution, together with her husband, for her faith; and Gregory Xazianzen in his panegyric on Basil (Oratio xliii.; MPG, xxxvi. 501) states that they took refuge in the forest of Pontus and remained there considerable time. Neither the date nor the duration of this voluntary exile is certain, since the statements of Gregory Nazianzen that it lasted seven years and took place during the reign of Maximinus (who ruled only from 311 to 313) do not agree with each other. Her day is Jan. 14.
2. Macrina the Younger: Granddaughter of the preceding and the sister of Basil the Great and Gregory of Nyssa; b. in Pontus c. 329; d. at a family estate on the Iris in the same province in the latter part of 379. She was the oldest of ten children and was betrothed at the age of twelve to a young jurist of distinguished family. He died, however, before the marriage, and Macrina seems to have seized this pretext to adopt a life of celibacy and asceticism. After the death of her father, Basilius, she remained with her mother Emmelia until Basil returned from his studies about 358, when she, together with her mother and her servants and slaves (now ranked as her sisters), retired to the banks of the Iris to lead the life of a nun. To her brothers, particularly the youngest, Peter, who afterward became bishop of Sebaste, this place was a school of earnest Christianity, and it was also
visited by Gregory Nazianzen and Eustathius of Sebaste. When Emmelia died shortly before 370, Macrina became the head of the community. Her brother Gregory was present at her death and has preserved the memories of the scene both in his Vita Macrince and in his treatise On the Soul and the Resurrection. Her day is July 19. (F. Loofs.) Bibliography: 1. The sources are indicated in the text.
Consult: ASB, Jan., i. 952-3; DCB, iii. 779; and the
literature under Basil, Saint; and Gregory op Nyssa.
2. The life is most accessible in ASB, July, iv. 589-604;
DCB, iii., 779-781; and ut sup. under 1.
McTYEIRE, HOLLAND NIMMONS: American Methodist Episcopal (South) bishop; b. in Barnwell Co., S. C, July 28, 1824; d. at Nashville, Tenn., Feb. 15, 1889. He was educated at Randolph- Macon College, Va. (A.B., 1844) and entered the Methodist ministry in 1845. He was pastor at Williamsburg, Va., Mobile and Demopolis, Ala., Columbus, Miss., New Orleans, La., and Montgomery, Ala. (at the last-named place during the Civil War). He was elected bishop in 1866, and made president of Vanderbilt University in 1873. He became editor of the Christian Advocate (New Orleans) in 1851, and of the Christian Advocate (Nashville) in 1858. He wrote: A Catechism on Church Government (Nashville, 1869) ; A Catechism on Bible History (1869); Manual of the Discipline (1870); History of Methodism (1884); and Passing through the Gates (1889).
Bibliography: O. P. Fitzgerald, Holland N. McTyeire, Nashville, 1896.
McVICKAR, WILLIAM NEILSON: Protestant Episcopal bishop of Rhode Island; b. in New York City Oct. 19, 1843. He was educated at Columbia College (A.B., 1865), the Philadelphia Divinity School (1865-66), and the General Theological Seminary, from which he was graduated in 1868. He was ordered deacon in 1867, and, after being curate of St. George's, New York City, for a year, was advanced to the priesthood in 1868. From the latter year until 1875 he was rector of Holy Trinity, New York City, after which he was rector of Holy Trinity, Philadelphia, until 1897, declining both the rectorship of St. Paul's, Boston, and a tutorship in Columbia. In 1898 he was consecrated bishop coadjutor of Rhode Island, and in 1903, on the death of Bishop Thomas M. Clark, became bishop of the same diocese. He was a deputy to the General Convention from 1883 to 1895, and was also president of the Southwest Convocation, a manager of the General Missionary Society, and a member of the Diocesan Board of Missions and of other diocesan bodies.
MADAGASCAR, MISSIONS IN: While having all the evil traits of a heathen people, including infanticide, polygamy, and the slave-trade, the Malagasy believed in a supreme being called Prior to Zangahara, whom they greatly feared , 1818. and reverenced. At death, good men go to be happy forever with Zangahara, while bad men go to be tormented by the evil lord, Anggatyr. From 1540 to 1640 numerous colonies were founded by the Dutch and English as well as by the Portuguese, all accompanied by