RELIGIOUS ENCYCLOPEDIA
Pauperes Catholici Payson
field, London, 1883; C. Lancelot, Voyage a Alet, Paris, 1723, Eng. transl., Narrative of a Tour , to Alet,
2 vols., London, 1816; H. Reuchlin, Geschichte von Port- Royal, 2 vols., Hamburg, 1839-41; Mary A. Schimmelpenninck, Select Memoirs of Port Royal, 3 vols., London, 1858; C. A. Sainte-Beuve, Port Royal, Paris, 1867.
PAYNE, CHARLES HENRY: Methodist Episcopal; b. at Taunton, Mass., Oct. 24, 1830; d. at Clifton Springs, N. Y., May 5, 1899. He was graduated from Wesleyan University, Middletown, Conn., 1856; studied theology in the Biblical Institute, Concord, N. H. (now the Boston School of Theology); was pastor from 1857 until 1876, when he became president of Ohio Wesleyan University, Delaware, O. He was a member of the committee to revise the hymn-book of the Methodist-Episcopal Church in 1876; and was the author of Methodism, its History and Results (New York, 1881), Women, and their Work in Methodism (1881), and Guides in Character Building (1883).
PAYNE, DANIEL ALEXANDER: African Methodist Episcopal bishop; b. in Charleston, N. O, Feb. 24, 1811; d. in Baltimore Dec. 2, 1893. He studied theology at the Lutheran theological seminary at Gettysburg, 1835-38; entered the ministry of the Lutherans in 1838, but joined the itinerancy of the African Methodist Episcopal Church in 1843; in 1848 he was chosen historiographer for his denomination, and in 1852 was elected bishop; he was also president of Wilberforce University, Ohio, 1865-76. Among his publications the most important were History of the African Methodist Episcopal Church (3 vols., Baltimore, 1865); and Domestic Education (Cincinnati, 1886).
PAYNE, PETER: Wycliffite; b. at Hough-onthe-Hill (15 m. s.s.w. of Lincoln) c. 1380; d. at Prague, Bohemia, 1455. He was educated at Oxford, imbibed Wycliffite opinions and never swerved from them. He became M.A. c. 1406, principal of St. Edmund Hall, 1410, and also of the adjoining White Hall. These positions he gave up in 1414. Shortly afterward he left the country and, being defamed for heresy, never came back. He found a welcome among the Hussites and was till his death one of their leaders. He belonged to the extreme orthodox party, the Orphans, and was one of the most unyielding of them. He never completely mastered the Bohemian language, yet was trusted by the Orphans and thrust forward as their representative and defender on all occasions. In this way his name appears frequently in Hussite history both as private and public advocate of their views and always coupled with respect. He manfully shared the adverse fortunes of his party. In 1437 he was cited by the pope for heresy and in consequence compelled to leave Prague. In 1439 he was imprisoned in the castle of Gutenstein, not far from Mies (15 m. w. of Pilsen), Austria, and was ransomed by the payment of 12,000 groschen. He was in the town of Tabor when it was taken by King George Podiebrad (1452) and thus the party was destroyed, and as he was unwilling himself to yield, he probably died in prison. He seems to have played a large and honorable part in his day, but owing to the fact that no works of his have been
preserved, or are now accessible, his reputation has
suffered an eclipse.
Bibliography: For Payne's career in England the one source is T. Gascoigne's Dictionarium theologicum (MS. in Lincoln College Library, Oxford), extracts from it printed by J. E. T. Rogers as Loci e libra veritatum, Oxford, 1881. For his career in Bohemia the principal authorities are collected in Monumenta conciliorum generalium soiculi XV., vols, i.-iii., Vienna, 1857-94. Other scattering notices are indicated at the end of the detailed sketch in DNB, xliv. 114-118. A not well balanced monograph, J. Baker's A Forgotten Great Englishman, London, 1894, is based largely upon F. Palacky's Geschichte von Bohmen, books vii.-ix., 5 vols., Prague, 1836-67. Interesting matter is found in Creighton, Papacy, ii. 237-255, 312. Consult further the literature under Basel, Council op; and Huss, John, Hussites.
PAYNE SMITH, ROBERT: Orientalist and theologian; b. at Chipping Campden (27 m. n.n.e. of Gloucester) Nov. 7, 1819; d. at Canterbury Mar. 31, 1895. He was educated at Pembroke College, Oxford (B.A., 1841; M.A., 1843; Boden Sanscrit scholar, 1840; Pusey and Ellerton scholar, 1843); was ordained deacon (1843) and priest (1844); and became successively head-master of the Kensington proprietary school (1853), sub-librarian of the Bodleian Library, Oxford (1857), canon of Christ Church, Oxford, regius professor of divinity, and rector of Ewelme (1865), and dean of Canterbury (1870). He was Bampton lecturer in 1869, and an Old-Testament reviser (1870-84). He edited S. Cyrilli commentarii in Lucw evangelium quce supersunt Syriace (Oxford, 1859); and published the English translation, A Commentary upon the Gospel according to St. Luke (1859). He also published an Eng. transl., The Third Part of the Ecclesiastical History of John, Bishop of Ephesus, as edited in Syriac by William Cureton (1860). Other works are The Authenticity and Messianic Interpretation of the Prophecies of Isaiah (1862); Prophecy a Preparation for Christ (1869); and a commentary on Jeremiah in the " Speaker's Commentary " (London, 1875), the exposition of the books on Samuel in the Pulpit Commentary (1883, 1888), and on Genesis in An Old Testament Commentary by C. J. Elliott (London, 1885); and the posthumous Sermons on the Pentateuch, with Memoir (1896). His chief work on which he spent the last thirty-six years of his life, the Thesaurus Syriacus (Oxford, 1868-1901), a Syriac dictionary, was exhaustive and epochmaking. Before his death all but the last of the ten fasciculi had appeared, and this was issued by his daughter.
Bibliography: Besides the Memoir in the Sermons, ut sup., consult DNB, xliv. 125-127.
PAYSON, EDWARD: b. at Rindge, N. H., July 25, 1783; d. at Portland, Me., Oct. 22, 1827 He was educated at Harvard, studied divinity with his father, Dr. Seth Payson, and was pastor of the Second Congregational Church in Portland from 1807 until his death. He was a man of exalted piety and not without marked intellectual and spiritual gifts, which gave him a high place in church circles of New England. His biography and published sermons are widely read at home and abroad. His Complete Works (Sermons) appeared in 6 vols., Portland, 1852, with Memoir by Asa Cummings (independently published, 1829), and also in 3 vols., Philadelphia, 1853.
Pazmany, Peter Peace Movements