THE NEW SCHAFF-HERZOG
a handsome and spacious library, with provision for lecture-rooms, was built, bounding another side of the grounds and serving as a special memorial of the founder of the school. Generous provision has been made from time to time for the support of the institution in the form of professorial and scholarship endowments, as well as gifts to the general funds; and the alumni have provided a fund of S 10,000 for the maintenance and enlargement of the library. Under the guidance of Bishop Williams and of his successors, the Berkeley Divinity School has had a strong and widely extended influence in the life of the Episcopal Church for more than half a century. Among its most eminent instructors have been the Rev. Dr. John Binney, who still holds the professorship to which he was called in 1874, and who was dean from 1899 to 1908; Rev. Dr. Samuel Fuller, professor for thirty-six years; Rev. Dr. Frederic Gardiner (q.v.), whose professorship covered twenty-one years, and Rev. Dr. John Humphrey Barbour, who died at the end of eleven years of service. The number of its students has never been very large; in fifty-five years it has graduated about 500 men, all of whom have taken holy orders. Of these twenty-two, with three non-graduates, have been consecrated bishops, and five have been called to the headship of other theological seminaries. The living alumni, 341 in number, are about one-seventeenth of all the Episcopal clergy of the country, while of the members of the House of Bishops one-fifth are graduates of Berkeley.
The corporation consists of thirteen trustees, eight clergymen and five laymen, vacancies in their number being filled by the Diocesan Convention or by the remaining trustees. There are, in 1910, five full professors and several instructors and lecturers. The number of students, including graduates engaged in advance work and some special students, is thirtyfive; nine are undergraduates in full standing, all of these, with one exception, having college degrees. The students come from different parts of the country, and the alumni are widely distributed, about one-fifth being in Connecticut and one-fifth in the State of New York. The endowment funds amount in all to about $485,000, and there are about 28,000 volumes in the library. Samuel Hart.
2. Cambridge: This theological school, which is located in Cambridge, Mass., was founded in 1867 by Benjamin Tyler Reed, a wealthy merchant of Boston, who was much interested in the progress of the Episcopal Church, of which he was a member, and was strongly desirous that it should remain true to its evangelical traditions. He accordingly founded this school, making only one requirement of its instructors, that they should maintain the doctrine of justification by faith. Dr. John S. Stone was made the first dean of the school, and associated with him in the work of instruction were Dr. A. V. G. Allen (q.v.), and Dr. P H. Steenstra (q.v.), who composed for a time the teaching force, Dr. Francis Wharton and Dr. Elisha Mulford (q.v.) being added later. Friends of the founder and of the dean erected buildings. Amos Adams Lawrence built a dormitory, John Appleton Burnham a refectory, and Robert Moans Mason a chapel, while a building for a library and for lecture-rooms was called Reed
Hall in honor of the founder of the school, who, in addition to his initial gift, made the institution the residuary legatee of his estate. Thus established the school has ever since stood for liberal and progressive scholarship in the Episcopal Church.
The seminary in 1910 had seven full professors and two instructors, and is governed by a board of seven lay trustees, originally appointed by the founder, and self-perpetuating, who manage the finances of the school, the responsibility for the teaching resting upon the faculty. Thus the school in its government follows the plan which prevails in the American parish, the trustees corresponding to the vestry. There are forty students, of whom fifteen belong to Massachusetts, and eight to New York, others being from Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Maine, Michigan, Washington, Tennessee, Texas, Canada, and China. The endowment is $1,000,000, half of which is in land and buildings, and the other half in productive funds. There are 12,000 books in the library. A second dormitory was added to the original group of buildings, and named for Hon. Robert C. Winthrop, then president of the board of trustees; and Mrs. George Zabriskie Gray, widow of the second dean, gave a deanery, while a library building, now in process of construction, is the gift of John G. Wright. George Hodges.
3. General: This seminary, by far the largest under the jurisdiction of the Protestant Episcopal Church, is located in New York City, where it was founded in 1817. Soon after the opening of the nineteenth century there became manifest, in various parts of the American Episcopal Church, a strong desire for, and belief in, a more systematic, thorough, and disciplined training for the ministry, as opposed to the previous isolated classes of candidates under the tuition of a single clergyman, or the inconvenient recourse to English universities. This feeling manifested itself in diocesan resolutions, pastoral addresses of bishops, and the formation of such societies to promote and aid theological education as the Protestant Episcopal Theological Society founded in New York in 1806. Bishops Bowen of South Carolina, Hobart (q.v.) of New York, and White (q.v.) of Pennsylvania were especially active in the movement, and as a result of the agitation the General Theological Seminary was founded by the General Convention of the church on May 27, 1S17, and instruction began in New York two years later. It was the intention of the founders, as expressed in their resolutions of 1817, that the seminary should " have the support of the whole Church in these United States, and be under the superintendence and control of the General Convention." This breadth of plan became, and still is, a characteristic of the seminary, part of its governing trustees being still chosen by the General Convention, and its professors and students representing all sections of the country as well as foreign missionary districts. In 1819 when the seminary opened, there were but two professors, Rev. S. F. Jarvis, and Rev. S. H. Turner (q.v.), and six students. Among the latter, however, were two men — G. W. Doane and Manton Fastburn — who by their distinction later, as bishops of New Jersey and Massachusetts respectively, foreshadowed the future work of the institution in train-