PUBLIC-DOMAIN CHRISTIAN BOOK
The Lord of Glory
B. B. Warfield, 1851–1921 · 112,408 words · 140 reading sections
THE JESUS OF THE SYNOPTISTS
character to perform supernatural deeds (Mt 4^^ Lk 4^'^). It is by this term (Lk 4^^) that the demons greet Him when they recognize in Him the judge and destroyer of all that is evil (Mk 3" 5^ Mt 8-^ Lk 8"^; 4^^). It is by this term that the angel of the annunciation is represented as describing the nature of her mirac…
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N. T. the Saviour is called xupio?, 'Lord,' (i) in the sense of Adho- nai-Jehovah; (2) by a heightening of the human sense or an adapta- tion from the relations of human sovereignty: and that the name 'Lord* belongs to the Saviour according to the N. T. essentially and fundamen- tally in the sense of Adhonai or Jehovah…
865 wordsSECTION 63THE JESUS OF THE SYNOPTISTS THE PRIMITIVE JESUS
3^). And there remains the remarkable passage In the angelic annunciation to the shepherds of the birth in the city of David of that " Saviour " who is " Christ the Lord" (Lk 2^^). It seems impossible to suppose that the term ' the Lord ' here adds nothing to the term 'the Christ' — else why is it added? But what can t…
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^ Cf. O. Schmiedel, Die Hauptprohleme der Lehen-Jesu Forschungs 1906, p. 35: "The early Church in whose circles the narratives of the life of Jesus originated, . . . was at one in its acknowledg- ment of Christ, its exalted Lord." 146 The Synoptic Jesus Primitive 147 latest. In the seventh decade of the first centur…
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Christology a primitive Mark which will not contain of the this portrait of a supernatural Jesus. Primitive Mark 'p^j^g ^^^^ jg probably the most Irra- tional hypothesis of the nature of the primitive Mark which has ever been suggested, — that which would con- fine Its contents strictly to the matter common to all thre…
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152 The Designations of Our Lord No doubt there are some striking phrases occurring in our present Mark which are lacking from this series Other Possible of broken extracts from it. But the Elements in the same figure is here outlined. And most Primitive Mark q£ even these striking phrases are re- stored if we will at…
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passages peculiar to Matthew and Luke, — even in the meager compass of which we shall find evidence enough that this document, whatever its extent, presented Jesus as a Divine Being. That He was the Messiah He Is represented as Himself indicating by pointing to His works (Mt 11^, Lk 7^*^), which, He intimates, evi- den…
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It Is not necessary to spend much time upon this demand in its simplest form, that, namely, which would The Reportorial merely separate out from the Synoptic Element in the Gospels as they stand the words attrib- Gospels \xtQ,d to Jesus, and seek to ascertain from them Jesus' witness to the nature of His person and the…
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of Fact schools, but there is an essential dif- ference between the two cases, a differ- ence which casts us with respect to the evangelic tradi- tion into grave doubt. This difference is due to the unfortunate fact that the evangelists themselves be- lieved in Jesus and loved Him. " In our case," there- fore, we are t…
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^ Cf. e.g. Shailer Mathews, The Messianic Hope in the N. T., 1905, p. 58 : " At this point we may safely use this canon : that saying is more probably genuine which treats of Messianic matters in any other way than that which characterized apostolic belief." " The trustworthiness of sayings which do not contradict, but…
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lacking a certain logical force in the reasoning of bolder souls" who drive the inference one step further and ask what need there is of assuming a real Jesus at all. The " real Jesus " whom the critics invent certainly was not the author of the Christianity that exists. If the Christianity that actually exists in the …
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What must absorb our attention immediately, how- ever, is the difficulty that is found even on these natu- ralistic presuppositions in eliminating from the portrait of Jesus drawn in the Gospels all supernatural traits and all claims on His own part to a supernatural per- sonality. To be successful here, there is requi…
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' the Son of Man.' But he wishes us to believe that Jesus did this only under great pressure, as the close of His life drew near and evil fate closed about Him, — seizing and clinging to the Danielic prophecy to com- fort Himself in the face of the fast-coming disaster. And He assures us that Jesus did not adopt the ti…
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And if it must be allowed that the " real Jesus '* currently called Himself ' the Son of Man,' no doubt with full consciousness of Its impllca- And God tions, and asserted for Himself super- angelic dignity, it would seem mere hypercriticism which would deny to Him the great as- sertion of intercommunion with the Fathe…
807 wordsSECTION 75THE DESIGNATIONS OF OUR LORD IN JOHN AND THEIR SIGNIFICANCE
saying is, however, in point of fact, an express claim to be something very different from this. " The occurrence of this verse in both Mat- thew and Luke," says W. C. Allen, in loc, " even if the two Evangel- ists borrow from a single source, proves that this saying reaches back to an early stage of the Gospel traditi…
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THE DESIGNATIONS OF OUR LORD IN JOHN AND THEIR SIGNIFICANCE It may certainly be said that, on this showing, little is left by the Synoptists to John, In the way of ascrib- Same Chris- ^"S essential deity to Jesus. This is tology in Syn- true enough. Those who are familiar optics and John -^ith the recent literature of…
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Incidentally In the course of making clear the greatness of His Messianic dignity. In John, on the contrary, it is the deity of our Lord which takes the first place, and His Messlahship is treated subsidiarily as the ap- propriate Instrumentality through which this divine Being works in bringing life to the dead world.…
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6 Cf . Westcott on i^* (p. 126): "The thought is centered in the personal Being of the Son, and not in His generation. Christ is the One only Son." Meyer on i^* (p. 92) : " Movoy. designates the Logos as the only Son besides whom the Father has none." The same essen- tial sense is conveyed by the aYaT.rjToq employed in…
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of Philip, 12"^). Of course, seeing that He was cur- rently addressed as ' Teacher,' ' Lord,' He could not but be spoken of by these titles, used appellatlvely: 'the Teacher' (II^^ cf. 131^-1* 3^) rarely, and com- paratively frequently 'the Lord' (20^'^^-^®'-^ 21^). The latter usage the evangelist himself adopts In his…
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raised continual questionings in the minds of outsiders whether He were indeed ' the Christ.' John the Bap- tist is represented as frankly confessing that he was not himself 'the Christ,' but His forerunner (i^o.^s 2"^), pointing not obscurely to Jesus as the Messiah. And accordingly John's disciples following their ma…
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no doubt the compressed representation of much of our Lord's teaching. On the other hand, it may be urged that It Is very easy to exaggerate the difficulty of supposing our Lord to have used the phrase In ques- tion. He Is certainly speaking of Himself: He has just designated Himself the 'Son' (verse 2); and now design…
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been rashly inferred that Jesus Christ is here by impli- cation affirmed not to be God; at least not in the highest and truest sense. This, however, it is obvious, would throw the declarations in this Gospel of the relation of Christ to the Father into the greatest con- fusion. He who has explained that He and the Fath…
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It is only another way of calling Jesus the * Christ ' to call Him the ' King of Israel.' This Nathanael does when Jesus manifested to him His super- 'King' human knowledge of his heart, ex- claiming: " Rabbi, Thou art the Son of God, Thou art the King of Israel" (i'*^) — where the order of the titles used is perhaps d…
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tlmes in the perfect tense with a reference to the abid- ing effect of It (5^^ 20"^)." The effect of this whole body of passages is to throw over the whole of our Lord's self-testimony in this Gospel the most intense sense of His engagement upon a definite mission, for the performance of which He, sent by the Father In…
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needy. And we should probably think of the designa- tion 'Bridegroom' (3~^) in the same light: but in this Gospel our Lord's application to Himself of this designation with a reference to His death, familiar to us from the Synoptics, is not recorded: there is only an employment of it of our Lord by the Baptist with no …
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of the filial relation in which our Lord felt Himself to stand to the Father comes out. And these passages must be considered In conjunction with the very numerous passages in which He who never speaks of God as " our Father," putting Himself In the same category with others who would then share with Him the filial rel…
888 wordsSECTION 87THE DESIGNATIONS OF OUR LORD IN ACTS AND THEIR SIGNIFICANCE
18 Cf. Sanday, Hastings' B. D., iv. 576 b.: "We may say with con- fidence that a sonship such as is described in the Fourth Gospel would carry with it this conclusion. How could any inferior being either enter so perfectly into the mind of the Father, or reflect it so perfectly to man? Of what created being could it be…
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Testimony ^^ Jesus plainly as God, may be illus- trated by attending to the designations employed of our Lord in the Book of Acts and in the letters of Paul. The Book of Acts and the Epistles of Paul both bring us testimony to how Jesus was thought and spoken of in Christian circles at the time, and indeed before the t…
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sacred name * Jesus Christ ' was in easy use by our ^ Lord's first followers, whenever they Christ' wished to speak of Him with special solemnity. Luke himself so employs it in his narrative (8^"), and he quotes it from Peter (2^^ ^34 jo36,48^ ^^^ Vzul (16^^) — in each instance as employed in circumstances of great ce…
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Of course these phrases, * the Lord Jesus,' ' the [our] Lord Jesus Christ,' witness to the prevalence In the Christian community of the simpler des- *Lord' ignation ' Lord ' of Jesus, and this prev- alence is otherwise copiously illustrated In Acts. As the narrative does not concern what Jesus began to do and teach whi…
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more precision by taking the form of ' the Lord Jesus ' (433 816 1 1^0 195,13,17) ^nd even ' the Lord Jesus Christ' (28^^). All of these designations are placed also on the lips of actors In the history recounted. Thus Peter speaks of Jesus as 'the Lord' In [2^^] 2^^ ii^^ 12", as 'the Lord Jesus' in i^^ 15", and as 'th…
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13 Therefore commentators have been tempted sometimes to seek out an easy and mechanical rule of discrimination. In his Neueste Theol. Journal, iv., pp. 11-24 (cf. in. p. 501), Gabler, e.g., maintained that anarthrous x6pco<} always is God in the N. T., while articled xupco^ is always Jesus. Winer in the first and seco…
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16 Cf. e.g. A. H. Blom, De Leer van het Messiasrijk, etc., pp. 58-9, 70, 71: "We think we may conclude that the Christians as little as the Jews connected with the ' Son of God ' the conception of a divine na- ture; and that the ethical element in the idea of the Messiah lay more in the Tra?? than in the ulog of God " …
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"With respect to this intermingling of designations, cf. A. H. Blora, De Leer 'van het Messiasrijk bet de eerste Christenen, 1863, p. 48: " It scarcely needs to be said that only the religious-minded were in a position rightly to understand Jesus, and that undoubtedly the most of those who became His followers in the f…
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the striking title of the ' Prince ' or ' Author ' ' of life ' (3^^). In other discourses Peter calls Jesus a ' Prince and Saviour' (5^^) and indeed even 'Judge of the quick and the dead' (lo'*"). The composite portrait which he presents of Jesus the Messiah as he passes freely from one of these designations to another…
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23 Only in citations from the O. T. (3-^ i5^*'i^) does "the Name of God " appear in Acts. On the other hand the phrase " the Name of Jesus Christ" is quite frequent: z^s 36,(16) ^10,18,30 ^40 gi2,i6 5,14,15 gi6,27 10*3.48 1526 16I8 195,13,17 2113 22I6 269. Instances like 47.12,17 j28 (j2i^ where " the Name " or " this …
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2 Cf . Knowling, The Testimony of St. Paul to Christ, pp. 44, 45 : " The Twelve and St. Paul differed, no doubt, in many ways ; but there is no trace that the former opposed the Gentile Apostle in the estimate which he formed of the person of Christ and of His relation- ship to the Father." " If the deification of Chri…
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That is to say, even in the days of His flesh, Jesus was to him intrinsically " the Lord to whom glory belongs as His native right."^ That Paul usually has the ex- alted Christ in mind when speaking of Him as Lord is only thus a portion of the broader fact that, writ- ing when he wrote, and as he wrote, he necessarily …
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(Rom 10*^, 2 Cor 4^ i Cor 12^, Phil 2"). The proc- lamation of the Gospel is summed up for him therefore in this formula (2 Cor 4^); the confession of Jesus as Lord is salvation (Rom 10^), and it is the mark of a Christian that he serves the Lord Christ (Col 3-^) ; for no one can say that Jesus is Lord except in the Ho…
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in the One ciently puzzling. Thus, for example, Godhead J^ declaring the nonentity of the ob- jects of heathen worship, Paul asserts roundly that " none is God except One," and proceeds to explicate this assertion by remarking that, although there may exist so-called gods whether in heaven or earth, as there are — obvi…
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And there are diversities of ministrations, and the same Lord. And there are diversities of workings, but the same God" (i Cor 12^"^). "Now I beseech you, brethren," he says again towards the end of the Epistle to the Romans, " by our Lord Jesus Christ, and by the love of the Spirit, that ye strive together with me in …
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16 Cf. Paul Feine, Jesus Christus und Paulus, 1902, pp. 165 seq.: " If Jesus undertook to perform the redemptive acts which were in the O. T. hoped for from God's action, so in Paul, in correspondence with the advance of the redemptive work which lay in Christ's death and resurrection, there emerges even more strongly …
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^^ Cf. for statement of this point of view Beyschlag Die Christologie des N. T., 1866, pp. 203 seq.: "Whatever there may be great and unique lying in the e\<} xopioq^ it is undeniable that Paul purposely does not apply the name deoi; to Christ, but rather most distinctly dis- tinguishes the ££9 xupio<s from the el? ^ew…
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20 Richard Schmidt, Die paulinische Christologie, 1870, pp. 148 seq., represents it as difficult to fix on a formula by which to express Paul's conception of what the preexistent Christ was. We may at first sight think that to suppose he conceived the antemundane Christ as man will best meet his references: but that wi…
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be the simplest of them all, but which, since that title is an express declaration of deity, is now the most paradoxical,'^'^ occurs some twenty-four to twenty-six times, chiefly in the earlier Epistles; and its duplicate, 'Jesus our Lord,' twice more. 'The (or our) Lord Christ' is less frequent, occurring only twice (…
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nearly so frequently employed by him as ' Christ.' This designation (more commonly with than without the article) ^^ occurs in his Epistles no fewer than 210 or 211 times in its simplicity, and many more times in combination with other designations. It is most dom- inantly Paul's favorite name for our Lord in the great…
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formulas are employed as practically proper names of our Lord, and it is difficult to trace any difference in the implications of their use. Along with these simple compounds Paul also employs the more elaborate formulas, * the (or our) Lord Jesus Christ,' 'Jesus Christ our Lord,' ' Christ Jesus, the (or our, or my) Lo…
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Perhaps something similar is implied in the designa- tion of Him in Eph i^ as the ' Beloved,' the epithet appearing in its simple majesty without 'The Beloved' qualification: "His grace which He" — that is God — " freely bestowed on us in the Beloved." We have already had occasion to point out the significance of this …
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^2 On this designation see the full note of J. Armitage Robinson in his commentary on St. Paul's Epistle to the Ephesians, 1903, pp. 229-233 ; and cf. Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible, II. p. 501. Cf. also Charles, The Ascension of Isaiah, 1900, pp. 3 seq., and E. Daplyn, in Hastings' D. C. G., sub voc. (i. pp. i88, 1…
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Epistles are clear on this point (esp. 2 Cor 4* 8^ cf. Col i^^i^). At the same time he did regard the Resurrection as making a difference — if not in the transcendental relations of the Father to the Son (which lie beyond our cognizance), yet in the visible manifestation of Sonship as addressed to the understanding of …
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by the closeness of the relation Indicated: It Is because it was His own Son whom He gave that the love of God to us was so splendidly manifested In the gift of Jesus, who, we are further told, was for this gift " sent forth from " Himself (Gal 4^, i^aTriffrsdev) . This closeness of relation, amounting really to Identi…
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told, and the light of the knowledge of the glory of God shines in His face (2 Cor 4^). And, again. He is the image of the invisible God, the first- born of all creation (Col i^^). The meaning Is that we may see In Christ what God Is: all God's glory Is reflected In Him; and when we see Him we see the Father also. Perh…
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tian movement the great personality of Jesus, or that the primitive Christian community looked to Him as its founder and Lord. Is It not equally Impossible to deny In the presence of these letters that the primitive Christian community looked upon this Jesus as their divine founder and divine Lord? Strange to say, Bou…
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42 Bousset, Was ivissen ivir, etc., pp. 19, 20, says: "It is not, however, at all the case that the critical theology denies to Paul all others of the letters ascribed to him with the exception of the four chief Epistles (and possibly also the Epistle to the Philippians). If the critical the- ology once did that, it ha…
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Christians, their corroborative evidence will become more and more significant to us. If, as in our own judgment they ought to be, they are accepted at their face value, their testimony becomes of primary im- portance, and would suffice of Itself to assure us of the attitude of mind our Lord's followers cherished towar…
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defining Him in His majesty.^ There is here some- thing more than merely the association of our Lord with glory, as when we are told that He had glory with God before the world was (Jno 17^), and after His humiliation on earth (though even on earth He mani- fested His glory to seeing eyes, Jno i^'* 2^^ i?") entered aga…
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6 Cf . Hort in loc. (pp. 17, 18) : "The three clauses of this verse be- yond all reasonable question set forth the operation of the Father, the Holy Spirit and the Son, respectively. Here, therefore, as in several Epistles of Paul (i Cor 12^-^, 2 Cor 13^*, Eph 4*"*'), there is an implicit reference to the Threefold Nam…
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The day of the Lord, however, -will come as a thief (v. 10). In verse 15 the course of thought in verse 9 is repeated, and the reader is ex- horted to account the long-suffering of the Lord salvation. This inter- pretation has in its favor that the expression 'our Lord' (v. 15) can be referred to Christ. Apart from Rev…
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form ' Son of God ' occurs also with some frequency (i Jno 3^ 4^^ ^5,12,13,20^ ^j^j quite a variety of ex- panded phrases appear by its side, such as ' God's only begotten Son' (i Jno 4^, cf. 5^^), 'Jesus, God's Son' ( I Jno i"^) , ' God's Son, Jesus Christ ' ( i Jno i^ 3^^ 16 Cf. Westcott, Epistles of St. John, p. 13…
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is in Him is in ' the True God ' and has ' the Eternal Life, — ' the Eternal Life ' that was in the Father and has been manifested in His ' Son Jesus Christ,' and is now declared by the Apostle in order that his readers, too, may enter into that fellowship which he was him- self enjoying " with the Father and with His …
901 wordsSource & rights
Public-domain historical work by B. B. Warfield, 1851–1921. OCR from an original historical scan hosted by Internet Archive; OCR may contain recognition errors.
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Historical Christian writing; not Scripture.