BOUGH Dt 24" AVm, 'when thou beatest
thine olive tree, thou shalt not bough it ' (text 'thou shalt not go over the boughs again '). This is the only example of a verb ' b.' in this sense, and It has been missed by Oxf. Eng. Dirt. It is formed directly from the noun in imitation of tlie Heb. (in?? from fr]K3 a bough). J. Hastings.
BOUGHT.— 1 S 25" AVm • in the midst of the b. of a sling.' The b. is the loop or ' bowed 'part of the sling on which the stone was laid. Bow, as most modem versions of AV have it, was never used in this sense. ' Bout ' is another spelling, as Milton, L' Allegro, 140—
* In notes, with many a winding bout Of linked Bweetness long drawn out.'
J. Hastings.
BOW. — 1. In archery, see next article. 2. See Rainbow. 3. Bow as a verb is of frequent occur- rence, rendering many Heb. and Gr. words. Most usages are clear, but notice : ' Bow,' or ' bow the knee,' now obsolete or archaic, as Jg S" ' At her feet he bowed, he fell, he lay ' (^Ioore, ' sank down, fell, lay still,' who explains that VIJ is properly * bend the knees,' kneel, crouch, squat on the heels, said of a mortally wounded man whose knees fail nnder him, 2 K 9") ; the same Heb. in Est 3» ' Mordecai b"" not nor did him reverence,' i.e. neither b"* the knee nor fell prostrate ; and in Ps 22^ ' All they that go down to the dust shall b. before him,' which Del. explains : all that for want are ready to die (the ' dust,' i?i(, being the grave), go down npon their knees, because they are esteemed worthy of a place at this table ; and Is 45" ' unto me every knee shall bow,' quoted in Ro 14", Ph 2"' (Kiy.TTw). In Mt 27=» ' they bowed the knee before him,' RV ' kneeled,' the Gr. is yon'jreT^ai from ybyv, knee, and xirtt, i.e. irirru, fall. Of Gn 41" ' they cried before him. Bow the knee,' the Heb. :113k is separately discussed iinder Abrech.
Besides ' bow the knee ' we have hirw the head. Is 68° ' to bow down his head as a rush,' Jn 19** ' he bowed his liead and gave up the ghost ' ; bow the face, Lk 24° ' they were afraid, and bowed down their faces to the earth'; bow the back, Ro IP"; how the shoulder, Gn 49" ' he bowed his shoulder to bear ' ; bow the neck, Sir 33* ' A yoke and a collar do bow tlie neck ' ; bow the loins. Sir 47" 'thou didst bow thy loins unto women'; bnw the ear, 2 K 19" •Lord, bow down thine ear (RV 'incline tliiue ear'), and hear' ; and how the heart, 2 S 19" ' he bowed the heart of all the men of Judah' ; ' Bow the heavens,' a strongly transitive use, is found
2 S 22><'=P8 18', and 144» (the Heb. is the common verb n?} nAt/ih, to bend, and the figure is that J' caused the clouds to descend with Him as He descended to judgment). See BowiNO.
J. Hastings.
BOW.—' Battle-bows,' so named (Zee 9>'' 10*), , were probably of bronze (n;'nj nihosheth), a metal harder than copper, being composed of copper and tin, ditl'erent therefore from our brass, wuich is a mixture of copper and zinc. Such bows needed great strength to bend (Ps 18" RV, which, how- ever, reads ' bow of brass.' Cf. 2 K 9"). Bows might also be made of two straight horns joined together (Homer, II. iv. 105-111), or again of wood.
' A deceitful bow ' is used (Ps TS", Hos 7") as a figure for a person who disappoints the hopes formed or him. A bow might be ' deceitful ' through simply missing its mark, or through breaking, and so missing. Teucer's bow-string breaks (Homer, II. XV. 463—465), and the arrow wanders from the mark. ' Deceitful ' (.i;?-) remhjyah) might also be rendered ' slack,' so that possibly a badltj-strung bow may be meant. W. E. Barnes.
BOWELS.— 1. Literally, as 2 Ch 21" 'the Lord smote him in his bowels (□•!'?) with an incurable disease ' ; * Ac 1" ' he burst asunder in the midst, and all his bowels (<rjr\d7x»'a) guslied out.' 2. Figur- atively as the seat of deep-felt emotions : (a) with .15,7 = murmur or thrill, of affection or sympathy. Is 16" 1)3" (the cogn. subst. AV paraplirases ' yearning ') Jer 31=», Ca 5* ; (6) Ps 40» ' Thy law is in the midst of my bowels,' i.e. the object of my innermost affections ; (c) of distressing emotions. Job Z(f (see Davidson, ad loc), La l-* 2" (lit. 'are in ferment '). See BoDY and MEDICINE.
J. Hastings.
BOWING (■'Bs), Ps 62", meaning bulged, buist, overthrown. — The ref. is to the effect of a suddeu and heai-y fall of rain, the ' overflowing shower ' of Ezk 13" 38^, which in an hour sometimes con- verts a garden into a slieet of water. To obriate such pressure, garden walls in Syria are built with openings to let off the water. G. M. MaCKIE.