When worn with other garments it took the form of a night shirt, of white cotton or linen, or coarse silk, reaching below the knees. It was made by
town under conditions of trade and agriculture. The alterations consisted in having the entire front cut open, long sleeves attached, and the shape more adapted to the figure. The two fronts were drawn tightly round the body overlapping each other, and the waist was firmly bound with a
• <\T(Kith6neth).
belt or sash. It thus resemhlt-il a caisock ot dressing-gown. From the fact of its covering and supplementing the shirt, and being like it in tonn, it was obviously meant to be superior to it in material and appearance. It was most frequently
EOTPTIAN LOIS-CIXVTH AND 8TRIAN BIIIRT.
taking a long piece of the material and folding it into two equal lengths, with the sides eewn up, and holes at the top comers for the arms, or with sleeves inserted. At the present day it is usually sold without any opening for the head. This is the proof that it is new, and allows the purchaser to please himself as to whether the opening is to be small or large, plain oromamental. It is the same for nienandwomen.thelatterrequiringalargeropening for convenience in nursing. Anyone wearing only the sliirt is called naked (Jn 21'). It is undress.
2. Coat (njh? kUhSneth, x'ruf, tunica). The shirt passed by easy transition to the tunic-coat or second garment. It completed the indoor costume for family life, the shop, and familiar outdoor sur- roundings. It was not needed in the simple privacy of pastoral or Bedawi life, and its presence marked the change to the life of the village and
• ' Bilk ' ]t Kcept«d by Sicff riedStade aa the meaning: of V^, but A. R Davidson ^Comm. ad toe.) doubts i( mlk was worn as early as the time ot Ezekkl. 'The L.\.\ (T^.t«''"Oand ancienw thought ot some ven- thin and delicate muterial. The kind ot gannent was probably some large wrapper or veil oovering the whole penon.^
made of striped and bright-coloured cotton or linen, and sometimes of woollen cloth. The over- lapping front confined by the girdle formed a recess for carrying any small parcel, snch as bread for the journey. A slit was made on each side of the skirt, about a foot long, so as to allow greater freedom in walking. See CoAT.
3. Cloak (Vyo mi- il, rht^v siml&h, nia beged, liiAnor ; Arab, jubbeh, mtshlah, abAa'). — Yhe outermost garment was distinguished by its greater size, and the absence of the girdle. There was much variety in shape, quality, and material caused by the social position of the wearer and the style of Baby- lonia, Egypt, or Syria, which it most resembled. It was called 19, roSripnris, from its length ; ^n^, niDJ, n-S*, (irevii^rrii, rfpi^iiXator, from its enveloping fulness. Hence it represents clothing generally, and is translated 'apparel,' 'raiment,' 'vesture,' ' attire,' etc. To it especially refer the expressions 'changes of raiment,' 'suits of apparel.' Two varieties may be distinguished, (a) S-yp, (rroXij. This wa.1 a long loose robe with very wide sleeves worn over the belted ooat and shirt. It was a dress
DRESS
DRESS
625
that expressed dijinity, culture, and distinction, and was expressly the mark of the priestly, educated, -ttealthy, and oiruial classes. Itrescuililcd (2) in len^'th, and vas as much sujierior to it as it was to the shirt. While a public dress, it was of lifihter and more ornamental material than tlie wiuare simlali, w hich was ])re-eniinently the o\it- door cloak. It was the characteristic robe of the professions (1 Ch U-'', 1 S ■2"> IS-''), the mark of hi-li yank and station ( 1 S 1S-''2I''), the ny^qD mnhillAzah, suit of exchan^'e of the llcljrews (Is3--, ZecS-*), the ilt'uib or buddUh of the Arabs. In E^'vpt it is sometimes worn as a long black sur[)li(-e, but usually it is ojjen and unconfined. Such was tlie robe of the Ephod with its f rinjics and bells sway- ing with the motion of the figure. The Jewisli tiillith and the Arabic bunwiis resemble it in ornamental lightness, but the stripes of the one and the form of the other point rather to the AiHiMA. It was worn by Saul (1 S24^), was given by Jonathan to David (I S IS*), was the long robe of the Pharisees (Lk 20^^), and of those ' arrayed in white robes' (Hev 7'*). It was always emblenuitic of social intercourse and high rank. It was tlie
hnest kind, however, is made of one entire jiiece. Such, most likely, was Clirist's 'garment without seam'(Jn 19^). I'lie 'hairy garment'(n'ii»<),Gn 2d-\ may have been a camebhair simldh. The Arabs
CLOAK OR KOBE (_M^'U, ffTOk*l).
full dress of ancient limes. At present in Syria it is almost conhncd to the Oriental clergy, and to Moslems of tlie ollicial and merchant classes, tlie latter often having it faced and ]iartly lined with soft fur. Joseph's coat (cpj ni.-i?) was most likely an open long im'-'U. It was an unusual artiile of jiastoralor Hedawi dress, which general! v com prises the shirt with belt, and the sipiare cloak or aiinli'ih. of wool or haircloth, with frequently a sheeiiskin vest between. Such a special garment worn by Joseph would be a mark of favour and an oecasion of jealous comiiarison. The coat (I'V 'robe'), 1 S2'", annually brought to Samuel would also be of this sort.