LiTKRATURE. — Wilkinson, Ane. Egyp. U. 81 ; Moore on Jg 5iW; Hartriiann, tlebraerin, i. 401 ff., iii. 138 ff.; tfcliroeder, be le^titu inulu'rum, :':ll t. ; Braun, De vestUu sacerdutum, ;j()l ff. ; Knob.- Dillm. on Ex -261 31 28H. G. M. MaCKIE.
EMEK-KEZIZ (j-vi? P^y), Jos 18", AV ' Valley of Keziz,' mentioned among the towns of Benjamin. — A place apparently in the Jordan Valley near Jericho. The site is nnknown. See Dillmann, ad loc. C. R. Conder.
EMERALD.— See Stones (Pkecious).
EMERODS (that is, hiEmorrhoids).— The word useil in AV to denote the disease brought upon the Philistines when they had captured tlie ark (1 S 5). Two Heb. words are used for this disease. One of these is 'onhel (Tri'). It is supjiosed to mean some- thing swollen, it is the name of a portion of the fovtilications of Jerus. (2 Ch 27' 33". Neb ,3-«- -■' ll-^')- The verb of the stem is used twice, in the sense of being pufVed up, presumptuous (Hab 2*, Nu 14**). This exhausts the use of the stem, except in the six places where 'ophel, in the plural, is used for the disease in question (Dt 28-'', 1 S 5''- "• '» f)*- "). So far, the disease seems to be something tumid, a swelling of some sort.
The other word, iehorlm (o'l'ins), is the only word of its stem in the language. It is used in the six places last mentioned, as the kerf, or marginal reading, to be substituted for 'Ophel, and is also used in 1 S 6"- ". Cognate words in Syr. and Arab, convey the idea of breathing hard, of easing the belly with violent eflort, of tenesmus with How of blood. It is said that the Massoretcs directed this word to be substituted for the other as being a le.ss indelicate term.
As to the nature of the disease, not much can be inferred from 1 S 5", where AV tr. 'They had emerods in their secret parts,' and RV ' tumours brake out upon thum,' for the verb there used ap|iears nowlicre else. That the disea.se was externally loathsome is evident from Dt 28-', where it is cla-ssed with the boil of Egypt, the scurvy and the itch. That it was terrilily fatal seems to be implied in 1 S 5'°'". That it had some Tiarticularly noteworthy symptom apjiears from tlie fact that they maile golden images of it.
The traditions handed down in Joseplius, and in the ailiie<l specilications in the Sept. and Vulg.. are sulticiently specitic and horrible. According to the Vulg. 'compulrescebant prominentcsextalcseorum.' Joseplius says. 'They died of the dy.sentery, a sore distemper that brought death u]H)n them very suddenly ; for . . . they brought up their entrails, which were eaten thiongli. and vomited them up entirely rotted away by the disease ' (A nt. VI. i. 1). Joseplius is imaginative, but the evidence
indicates some form of dysenteric or typhoid disease, in which a loathsome rectal protrusion was a prominent symptom. See Medicine.
LlTKRATlTRli.— Driver and Dillm. on Dt 28« ; Thenius, Well- hausen.and Driver on 1 8 6«- » a* ; Hitzie, Urgesch. d. PhUtaUier (1845) p. 20! : Oeiger. Ortchfift, 408 f.; Ox/. Beb. Lex. and Siegfried-SUule, s.tJO. W. J. BeECHER.
EMIM (D-CK, 'On/iaeli','Ootielv; AV Emims).— The name is tliat of a body of Rephaiin or giant peojile, living E. of the Jordan, in the S. half of the territory between Bashan and Seir (Dt a'"- ")• The name Bignihes ' formidable ones,' and we are told that it was given them by the Moabites. The Emim were in this region in Abraham's time, and were attacked by the four invading kings during their march S. (Gn 14"). They are said to have been ' a jjeople great and numerous, and tall as the Anakim.' We are not told what became of them, but the natural Buggestions of the narrative are to the effect that the Moabites destroyed and superseded them. See Giant. W. J. Beecher.
EMINENT is now only metaphorical, 'exalted,' but in AV it is always literal : an ' eminent place,' Ezk 16*'-"-*' (33, RVm 'a vaulted chamber,' see Davidson on Ezk 16'"), 2 Es 15" {locus e?ntnens) ; 'an high mountain and eminent,' Ezk 17" (7'7i?). Cf . Elyot, The Governour, i. 4, ' he made not only herbes to gamisshe the erthe, but also trees of a more eminent stature than herbes.' Eminence occurs in AV only in the compound ' pre-eminence' (Ec 3", Sir SS**, 1 Mac 11^, Col l^, 3 Jn "). RV gives ' eminency ' in Ezk 7" ' neither shall there be eminency among them ' (en? tiyK% AV ' wailing for them,' so RVm), using the word in its modern sense, and following the Arab, for the translation. See Davidson, ad loe. J. HASTINGS.
EMMANUEL.— See Immanukl.
EMMAUS CE^AMoiJs). — 1- Lk 24" only. This place was 60 furlongs from Jerusalem. Some MSS follow K in reading ' an hundred and sixty ' ; but this is probably a corruption, to suit the views held as to the site m the 4th cent. A.D. ; for a journey of 320 furlongs, or 40 miles, in one day (see y^u. as, ». ss)^ would have been improbable. In the OnoTnasticon (s.v.) it is placed at Emraaus Nico- polis— now 'AmwOs, 20 miles from Jerus., near Aijalon. Josephus, however, speaks of an Emmaus 60 furlongs from Jerusalem (Wars, VII. vi. 6), the habitation of a colony of Titus' soldiers. The direction is unknown. The name Kuldnieh or 'Colony,' and the distance from Jerus. (which, however, is not exact), have suggested the village 80 named in the valley W. of the Holy City. In the twelfth cent. Emmaus was shown at another village, Kubeibeh, to the N.W., at about the re- quired distance. To the S.W. of Jerus., near the main road to the plain, is a ruin called Khnmasah, which recalls the name of Emmaus. The distance is more than 60 furlongs, but perhaps not too great for a rough estimate. The site, however, remains uncertain. See SWP vol. iii. sheet xvii.