Durplac*d pataane. — The J portions of 3 and 41-12 prob. stood originally before 4^. Tabweh ha^ already told Moses in iluiian (i^ to go back to Egypt, and the theopliany accordingly seems to b«loDg to Goshen, or (better) to the journey thither.
C. Parallels and Contrasts.
Each iet 1b marked with the same letter nnder J, E, and P, respectively to facilitate comparison, t after refs. means that all the instances in the OT are given ; * that all in the Hexateuch are mentioned j italics denote biblical quotations ; and capitals are used sometimes for emphatic words.
J— (a) The people live in Goshen 8" 9» Gn 45" etc. (only in J) ; (b) a separate district, so that they and their cattle could be differentiated from the Egyptians 8*- »• " 8" 9*- « O^" ; only brought in gangs into Egypt for forced lal)Our 5'"- ; away from the Nile, so tnat its pollution seems to cause no incon- venience 7"' " ; (c) so numerous as to alarm the king !»■", 600,000 12" Nu IP' cf. Nu Iff"" ; (d) cattle owners Gn 46'^-*' 47'' having flocks and herds 10'-=" 12»2-*' 34' Nu 11» Gn 12'« 13" 24»» 32' ;t3" 45"' its'- 47' 50»; (e) Mos. demands 3 days' journey 3'» 5' 8" cf. Gn 30=« Nu lO^^", Nu 33« R"t) that they might sacrifice to Yahweh or {our) God 318 5». «. 17 88. -a. /7ff._ or gg^g Him 7" 8>- *> 9'- " lO^- ""«• 12" ; (f) the wonders or plagues before Pharaoh are 7, and are natural calamities, as disease of fish in Nile V"; when Yahweh smites the river 7"«-2»; natural causes being sometimes specified, as the wind in the case of the locusts 10"- " cf. 14'"" ; Moses speaks freely on each occasion to Pharaoh, and the wonders follow the mere announcement ; the hail is on every herb of the field O'-""' cf. 9^ and 10"°, and locusts eat the remaining crops and the fruit ; (g) the flight is hurried, at instigation of the Egypt. 12'"'- "; (h) Moses' father-inlaw is the priest o/Midian 2" 4i»(3' 18' R'") cf. Gn 41*', unnamed here (for Reuel 2" is prob. R''), called IJohnh Nu 10» Jg 4" l'«: and Moses has one son 2-''' 4'-« ; (i) sprinkling of blood is the main tiling in the Pass- over, eating not mentioned 12''"-'^ J' ; (j) the name of God is Yahweh { = Jehovah), or the God of . . .; (k) (1) (see below).
E — (a) The people live in tht land of Egypt, with no hint of .separate district being a.ssignea them; (b) rather they seem to be herdeuin the royal city among the houses l'""- ; no immunity from plagues mentioned (e.g. hail 9''*) except for the darkness ; can beg of neighbours jewels, etc. 3** 11' j near the Nile 1" 2'''° ; (c) only numerous enough to annoy the king, tlieir women needing only 2 mid- wives l""-, requiring only CuO chariots for pursuit 14',; (d) royal pensioners Gn 4G"''^, never men- tioned as owning cattle ; (e) Mos. demands merely that Isr. be let go 3"""'- 5" (S"- IV' to harmonize with J) 9" 10*, ulterior end being to get to Can. 13"" cf. Gn 48", and incidentally to serve God on this mountain, i.e. Horeb, more than 3 days' iourney 3" ; (f) the wonders or plagues are 5, and nave the miraculous element heightened, e.g. Moses rmites all the waters in the rirer, and they turn to
blood ""*'■ *"' ; Moses only once speaks to Pharaoh 5'*, and the wonders follow his mere gesture ; the hail is on man and beast g*"-*"*, while locusts devour every herb of the land 10'^- "'' ; (g) departure deliberate, the people gathering supplies before- hand 11"-; time to take up Joseph's bones 13"; (h) Moses' father-in-law is Jethro 3' 4'" 18, and he has two sons 18"-, his ^^^fe being a Cushite Nu 12'; (j) the name of God is Gorf (Elohim) always up to 3'° and often afterwards, especially in phrase.s, e.g. mount of God 3' 4" 18° 24"*, rod of God 4-" 17»t; angel of God W Gn 21" 28'^ Si'" 32" cf. Ex 23=" 32« Nu 20" ; statutes of God 18".
P — (a) The people live in Egypt 1'- • ; (b) not in separate district, for the land was filed with them 1' ; no immunity mentioned ; (f) the direct Divine agency in the wonders is emphasized ; Aaron is always with Moses, and speaks, etc. 7'"' etc. (while in J the insertion of Aaron 4""" seems due to J", for where Aaron or a plur. is found, as 8*- "»• 2»- ^8 g-.^ 10"'-, the sing, is found close by S''-'^''-® 9" 10"*-", Moses being sole speaker 7'** 8» 9'-" 10'); (i) in the Passover the eating is the main thing, the sprinkling is not ordered to be repeated ]2i-u. *»-»; (j) the name of the Deity is always God up to 6", and always Yahweh { = Jehovah) afterwards.
(k) Moses' rod ia the object of Divine power in J, being turned into a serpent (na/iash) before the people 4'"* ; Moses' rod, given him by God 4" and called the rod of God 4'" 17", is remilarly the instrument of Divine power in E V'- '"'■ ^'' 9'-'' 10" 14" 17°- "; Aaron's rod is in P the object of Divine power, bein" turned into a serpent {tannin) before Pharaoh 7" ■, and also its instrument 7" 8°-"''cf. Nu 17. For describing Pharaoh's obsti- nacy, we have (1) some form of heavy in 7'^ 8""' 9'- " J ; (2) some form of strong 1^ 9*> iO="- =' E, and 7"- ^ 8'* 9" P, who moulds his almost unvarying phrase on 8'° J, but borrows strong from E.