P — (a) Moses and Aaron lead the whole congrega- tionld'' with a high hand 14' ; (b) not by Isthmus because deliberately turned back 14'"* to give occa- sion for a wonder, and Pharaoh pursues because hardened ♦•••" cf. I C 1 ; (c) Moses' hand was stretched forth "»• "*• "', and the waters were
divided miraculously, not by a wind, for they were as a wall on their right hand and on their left *"•• », and so the catastrophe followed 28.27..aa.. (f) the whole congregation murm,urs for the fleshpots of Egypt 16"- (cf. Nu ll'"** J) ; manna, a miraculous gift, is described '«•»•»' (of. and ct. manna, a natural product, described Nu 11""' J) ; the quails are mentioned almost casually ", manna oeing the main point (ct. Nu nis- i«-23.ai-s4 jj . ^ fi^ed amount of manna was to be gathered '"■ ; manna is eaten till they came unto the borders of the land of Can. "'' ; the two commands about Sabbath observance '■''''■ and the memorial pot of manna '^- are not needed by the context of P, and may have been added after the union of J E P in order to supply clearer explanations of the^rotnnj^ of *.
D. Other Cluet.
J— DWne help by natural means 14»1 15»'»» c«. I Ct; thru dayi 1622 cf. 1 C e ; and Ihei/ came to . . . 1623- 27 Heb. ; gprin/jM (lit. ri/M) 0/ water 16« On 16''«i> 24 (7 times) 4932 i>t 87 33* ^•u 33» Rf.
E — Josrph's bones 13I8 Gn 6028 Jos 2432; statute and ordin- ance 1625b J09 242^ ; they cried out unto Jehovah 1410b Jqs 247 ; one to another 161^ see 1 D ; pass on be/ore the people \7^ Jos 3': Aaron and Hur 1710.12 241*; Moses' father-in-law Jetbro, wife, and two sons 18, see I C h.
P— / tpitl get me honour 144- I'f- Lv 10> ; and the Egyptians
purg\ied 14»- 23 ; 161« Rp cf. 1422f. as. ; date after departimi
out <)f IM land 0/ Egypt 19' Nu li 91 8338 1 K eif.
IIL At Sinai : 19-40.
A. Summary.
19 "The encampment at •"'Sinai "the mount of God ; •'^awful sights and sounds introduce a theophany ; 20-23 God gives, i. ^'"the Deca- logue, ii. E'^the Book of the Covenant, iii. ^"'the Book of Judgments ; 24 ^covenant sacrifice and •"feast before God, '^'"Moses ascends the mount, and ^remains 40 days ; 25-31 '"J" gives full direc- tions for the tabernacle, its ornaments and furniture, its priests, their dress and consecra- tion ; '^''••' Moses receives the two tables ; 32-34 ^ idolatrous and •'mutinous conduct of the people ; ^ Moses breaks the tables and destroys the golden calf ; -"massacre by Levites ; -"^intercession of Moses ; ^••"usage of tent of meeting ; -"'^the ten Words of the Covenant -"written by Moses •'•^■'on two tables; 35-40 ^erection and furnishing of the tabernacle.
B. Analysis.
^ in. 2b
Ely Sa to God |3b Sc-6a " 6b-81o 9r-lla
J , „(llb-13]!' 18 20-22 23' U t\,...\ 28
Ely 14-17 W
P ~
E 901-21'- o[... J 22-0233 (see below) 9:^ 8-8
P ^
i24'2-i^ >«>. 25 31 ^«^32i^-- ."'..*:".
P 15b-18a 1— 18a
J „^ 14... 26r-29 „„1 3 6" ...12-28'
?32"' 16-**- 80-86 o3 -'..*..*. .7""
J „ . l-6r 0-9T 10-28' ^f. , ^
^34 ^. 35.^._ 40.,.
'33"
This section is the most complicated and difficult in the Hex. It is generally agreed that the sources are much dislocated, and that the material has been repeatedly reWsed by successive editors and compilers. Most critics abandon the attempt to carry through a systematic analysis or recon- struction. "The scheme adopted liere for the JE portions is that of Bacon, and its resort to the hypothesis of wholesale transpositions can only be
EXODUS
EXODUS
809
justified by the hopelessness of less drastic methodB and the comparative harmony and order which it introduces. There is, however, a growing con- sensus Qj c|i4nion in favour of the main conclusions on which the icheme rests. The sources are for ilcamess given again separately, in the order con- jeeturally su"go«t«d here. The presence of J* and K* is often felt, especially in 32-34, but cannot be clearly delimitated.
J _ 192b. au-a. u. iib-ia, « _ _ 24"-'"" 34'"''- '•->*'• 327-i4r. 2ib-j» 331. i />,(q 1110c. lit i«.) Ejj 3312 a 349.» _
£_19>^»r-iu.n-i7. i»20>-2' 19'''>S24"'"' '*'' 32''' 31'"' 3219 M. »-M 33*. 9 _ _ 20"-" 23"'-«'' (with 22^-") 24'-» 18'-»"- 33'" and (after the E passages in Nu) IV" the war with Amalek, and 21'-23'' the Book of Judgments, whose original position is supposed to be now occupied by Dt.
ph_29*^**®' 31 •^""'■.
Pf = 19»-»» 20" 24"i'->»' 25-27" 28'-*- *"• 29'-*- "•" 31'*.
P'=27'°«- 28« 29»-«' 30-31" 32'»»-'« 35-40.
R** (or R'')= 19""*^ ^ 20-''- *''"*• "^ ''• '•'^ "* 22-"'''-
34. 23b. si 239- 11'*- 121>-U- 15b. 17. 18k. 33-38^ 77. Ub-M 32^ U. 26b 333. • 341b. to. Tb. lOb-U. U. 33t._
C. Parallels and Contrasts.
J— (a) J" 19'">- "• '<*''■ =""■■ «^''- " etc., (b) came dovm (see I D) (c) in Jire 19'8 (cf. Gn 19^ Ex 3^ and the pillar of fire II Ca,c) (i)upon Mount Sinai lO""- '*•»'• ■"' 34^- ^ (e) t»i the sight of all the people, 19"^ (f) the Priests onlybeing bidden to sanctify themsclves\\>-', (g) ttie people being kejit at a distance throughout, 19^'-"-'2i. 24-»'-34», (h) while these (so Heb.) 19"^ i.e. Mos. and tlie priests which come near, were to c(tme up, *'•'* (read in " and the priests : but let not the people cf. j) 24', (i) at the BLAST of the rams- HORN 19'"'' Heb. 1^) Aaron, Nadab, andAbihu with 70 e/f/erff accordingly are called and go up, and (k) celebrate a covenant feast before tlie God of Isr. 24"- •'• (this incident may have been incorporated by the author from another source, as it presents several peculiar features) ; (1) Moses is then sum- moned ALONE to the top of the mount Zi'"- (m) with two tables of STONES (so Heb.) which he is to hew 34'- ■"'' ; (n) upon the tables he is to write 34"'- (cf. • where the change of one Heb. letter turns / will into thou sluilt write) (o) the Ten Words of the Covenant as soon as lie receives them 34'-'"-, (p) remaining with J" 40 days and 40 nights apparently for the purpose of engraving tliem. (q) The rebellion of the people (32^) being announced to him by J' ('■'), Moses procures by intercession the repentance of Jehovah ("■"), (r) and on descending quells revolt by means of the suns of Levi (32-°""). (8) On learn- ing he is to lead alone, Moses intercedes afresh, and procures a theophany, a revelation of mercy, and a promise of J"'b presence 33'" ' (Nu \V°- '"• '*'■ wl'.ich interrupt their present context, fit well here, and, after the great block of P is removed, are seen to lie near at hand) "'^ 34*'. (t) Moses HAD ALRRADV made an ark of acacia wood, and puts the tablet in the ark (J's account, which Nu lO"'"* and the many references to the ark in Jos prove to have existed, but which is now displaced in favour of P'g, is recovered from Dt 10'"°), (u) but no trace remains of his allusions to the tent of meeting.