As a simple formula of salutation xafptiK occurs but thrice in NT, Ac 15=" AV ' The apostles and elders and brethren icnc/ greeting unto the brethren which are of the Gentiles,' RV omits ' send ' ; 23^ AV ' Claudias Lysias >mto the most excellent governor Felix sendeth greeting,' RV omits 'sendeth' ; Ja 1' AV 'James ... to the twelve tribes which are scattered abroad, greeting,' RVm ' wisheth joy.' And in 2 Jn '»• " Xiyav xo-'P^"', which in AV is tr* 'bid one God speed,' is in RV rendered 'give one greeting.' But the most frequent use of 'greet' in AV is as a variation for 'salute' in the rendering of iairdi'onai (lio 103. ». 6. 8. u_ 1 Co IG'*, 2 Co 13'-, Ph 4=', Col 4", 1 Th 5-«, 2 Ti 4-1, Tit 3", 1 P 5'*, 2 Jn 's, 3 Jn '^). Elsewhere, with two exceptions, this verb is tr'' ' salute ' ; and there is little doubt that the Re- visers have done wisely in giving ' salute ' also in the passages where AV has 'greet.' For the unwary reader is sure to imagme a dill'erence of Greek and of meaning when he finds, e.g. in Ph 4-' ' Salute every saint in Christ Jesus. The brethren which are with me gieet you ' ; or in
3 Jn '•" ' Our friends salute thee. Greet the friends by name.'
The two exceptions are (1) Ac 20' irr^riixttei iUxBi wtfiU/f,xi tedd. ropiuiffdxtl Its Ty.n .^Idtxf39kj'K*, AV 'erabrared thnn and departed for to go into Macedonia,' RV ' took leave ot them and departed," Ramsay 'bade them farewell'; (2) He ll'S iAAi 9cppt/tit» ccvTic! liottit, Kxi iriir^iml [edd. omit «. w.], xxi ttrrxra-
fu^At ; AV ' but having seen them (tlie promises] afar off, and were persuaded of them, and embraced Oiem' ; KV 'but having seen them and creeled them from afar,' which Schaff (.Coin- panioti to Or. '1 est. and Eng. Version, 1883, p. 454) quotes in his ' Select List of Improved Keadiaga.'
In like manner the subst. Amrairiwt is tr'' 'greet- ing ' in Mt 23', Lk U"2U«, and elsewhere (Mk 12* Lk 1»- *'■•", IColO-', Col 4'», 2 Th 3") 'salutation.' RV gives ' salutation ' everywhere.
J. Hastings.
GREYHOUND (d-jti? Tpi zarzir mothnnijim, Pr 3CF').— These Heb. words signify 'one girt in the loins' (AV and RV 'greyhound,' AVm 'horse,' RVm ' war-horse '). Some have supposed that the intention is to descrilie a wrestler, owing to his comiuaiiding figure. The LXX has ' a cock walk- ing proudly among the hens' (see Oxf. Heb. Lex. s. V. ). G. E. Post.
GRIEF. — Grief comes from Lat. gravvs, heavy, sad, through Fr. arief ot g re/. And although it is now used to denote mental anguish only, it formerly covered bodily pain as well. In it-s use (as in some of the Heb. or Gr. words of which it is the tr" in AV) the distinction between bodily and
2G4
GFJEF
GRIEF
mental pain is not very sharp. Still, its application may lie expressed as follows : —
1. liodUy pirin or disease. (1) Heb. d(<? kF(b, Job 2" ' they saw that his grief was very great ' (KVm 'his pain'); so IG' '. (2) ain;? vuik'db, 2 Ch 6* ' when every one shall know his own sore ami his own grief (KV 'sorrow,' Ox/. Ileb. Lex. ' pain ' — clearly the meaning here) ; f's 69" ' they talk to the grief of those whom thou hast wounded ' (llV ' tliey tell of the sorrow'; KVm 'pain' — so I'erowne, Del., Cheyne, de Witt, and others ; L.KX t4 4X705). (3) .il'ij lu'ilAh, to be sick, used in the Niph. ptcp. as an adj. (qualifying .i;? 'wound'), and tr" in EV 'grievous,' Jer W 14" 30", Nah 3'», but as a subst. in Is 17" and tr'' 'grief.' The Ilipliil of the same vb. is tr^ in Is 53'" 'Yet it pleased the Lord to bruise him ; he hath put him to grief (KVm 'made him sick,' i.e. by bruising him so sorely [see Dillm. in loc], LXX Kadapljat airrby t^s irXrjyTii, Vulir. 'conterere eum in inlirnii- tate,' Orelli 'to crush him by lieavy sickness'). (4) -b A(3«, Is53'-« (KVm 'sickness'); Jer G' (IIV ' sickness ' ; the parallel is np ' wound '), lO'" (KVm 'sickness'). (5) iSOvii, Sus " 'And albeit they were both wounded with her love, yet durst not one show another his grief.' This meaning of 'grief is clearly seen in Shaks. I Ilenry IV. v. i. 13 1 — ' Can honour set to a leg ? No. Or an arm ? No. Or take away tlie grief of a wound ? No. Honour hath no skill in surgery then?'; or in Parkinson, Theatre of Plants (1640), p. 1489— 'The oyle which is made of the berries [of the bay] is ve.y comfortable in all cold griefes of the joyiits.'
2. Mental aj/lictimi. (1) nr y&rjAh, in Hiph. to cause sorrow. La S"*, and the subst. ;u; yafj'jn, sorrow, Ps 31'°, Jer 45' (RV 'sorrow' in both places). (2) cy; kaa.^, ve.xation, 1 S l'», Ps 6' SP, rr 17^, Ec 1'* 2^ ; and its dialectic variety bi's kii'ns. Job 6^ (3) Xmeu, to cause grief, 2 Co 2' ' If any have caused grief, he hath not grieved me' (KV 'have caused sorrow'); and the subst. Xi>7r7;, Wis 89 11'2, Sir 37^ 1 Mac 6S- •■ ". (4) dKi^Sia, Sir 29' ' But when he should repay, he will prolong the time, and return words of grief (\67oi/s dicTjSias, RV ' words of heaviness,' so the word is tr* by EV in its two remaining occurrences in LXX, Ps 119^, Is 61'). (5) Once the vb. o-rerafa), to groan, He 13" 'they watch for your souls, as they that must give account, that they may do it with joy, and not with grief ' (koI ^t; crrf j-dfoi-res, KVm ' and not with groaning,' Vaughan ' with lamentations over lost souls'). Shaks. uses the word in both the fore- going senses in one line, // Henry IV. I. i. 144 —