• The passasre is difficult Most of the Eng. VSS, lilie the LXX, paraphrase rather than translate. The rendering of AV, which is nearly that of Vulg. (' Et erit transitus virgffl fun- datus ') is barely intelligible, even after it is improved by Kay, * And every passing of the staff of sure foundation.' An easy emendation of the Heb. is iciD D2C' ' rod of correction,' of Pr 2215, but Skinner thinks it too easy to be worth much, besides that it only replaces one sin.^ular expression by another. Modem edd. as a rule prefer soraething like RVm. Thus Del. ' every stroke of the rod of destiny ' ; Plumptre, ' wherever •hall pass the destined rovl' ; Che\'ne, 'whenever the destine-l rtaff passeth over,* referring to Hab 1^2 •o Jehovah, thou hast hppomted them [same verb] for judgment.'
GROVE.— 1. •T;s't<, •Ti's't! '(JsMrdh, 6.\(rn, lucut. Wherever the word grove occurs as the tr° of 'dsher^t/i it should bo transliterated as in RV Se«
ASHERAH.
2. SyN 'fshel, ipovpa. Abraham is said to have planted a ' grove ' ( AV Gn 21" marg. ' tree ). Saul abode ' under a tree ' ( AV 1 S 2'2' marg. ' grove in a high place'). The bodies of Saul and his soiu were buried 'under a tree' (1 S 31" AV). In all the.se passages RV correctly renders 'is/icl, which is the same as the Arab, 'athl, by ' tamarisk tree.' See TAMAitiSK. G. E. Post
GRUDGE.— Skeat (Etijmol. Dirt.* s.v.) derivei ' grudge ' originally from the imitative sound kru or gru, seen in Gr. ypu, the grunt of a pig ; ' grunt ' and ' prowl ' coming from the same root. Hence its primary meaning is to express audible dis- content, murmur, as Paston Letters, 138, ' I here a gruggyng.' In this sense ' grudge ' is of frequent occurrence in the earlier versions. Thus Lk 15' Wjrc. (1380), ' And Fariseesand Scribis grucchiden, seyinge. For this man receyveth synful men, and etitli \vith hem ' (Tind. and all others ' murmured '); 19' Wye. (1380), 'And whanne alle men sayen, thei grucchiden, seyinfre, For he hadde turned to a synful man' ('rind. 'And when they sawe that, tiiey all groudged'; Rhem. 'they murmured,' and soAV); Ac 6' Wye. (1388), 'the Grekis grutohiden [1380, ' grucchin"e '] agens the Ebrews' (Tind. ' ther arose a grudge amon^e the Grekes agaynste the Ebrues,' Rhem. and AV ' a murmuring ') ; 1 Co lO'MVyc. (1380), ' Neither gnicche [1388, 'grutche'] ye,assummeof hemgruccliiden[1388,'grutcliiden'], and thei peri-sheden of a wastour, or destrier ' (Tind. ' Nether murmur ye as some of them murmured, and were destroyed of the destroyer'); Mk 14' Tind. 'And they grudged agaynste hir' (Wye. [both VSS] ' thei groyneued in to hir' ; Rliciii. and AV ' they murmured against her') ; Ps 2' Pr. Bk. 'Why do the heathen grudge togetlier?' (changed in IG62 into ' so furiously rage together '). About 1611, says Trench {On AV of NT, p. 48), 'to grudge ' was ceasing to have the sense of ' murmur openly,' and was already signifying 'to repine inwardly ' ; and a ' grudge' was no longer an open utterance of discontent and displeasure at the dealings of another, but a secret resentment there- upon entertained. Accordingly ' grudge ' of the earlier VSS was sometimes displaced in AV by ' murmur ' (a change, however, w-liich had in every such case except Nu 17' been made already by Dou. -Rhem.) ; but it was retained in a few places, — ' by an oversight,' says Trench. These places are : Ps 59" ' Let them [' the pack of hounds with which Saul is hunting David' — Del.] wander up and down for meat, and grudge if they be not satialied' (')'^,'l ; AVm 'If they be not satisfied then will they stay all night,' so RV ' and tarry all night if they be not satisfied ') ;* Wis 12=' ' For look for what things they grudged, when they were punished' (Trto.vaKTovv, Vulg. 'indignabantur,' RV ' whereat they were indimant ') ; Sir 10-^ ' And he that hath knowledge ^vill not grudge when he is reformed ' (ou yayyvaei ; Vulg. ' non murmurabit,' RV ' will not murmur thereat ') ; Ja 5' ' Grudge not one against another, brethren, lest ye be con- demned ' (/iT) orei-cis-fTe, Vulg. ' Nolite ingemiscere,' RV ' murmur not ').
• AVm and RV give the only possible tro of the Mass. text, and they are in agreement with most mod. edd. (Del., Per., de Witt, Kirkp. etc.), as well as with the Gen. version 'and surely they shal not be satisfied, thogh thei tarie all night. The AV is the rendering of 'J'^!! or i;Vi, and is after LXX (y^yyCrevrtt), Aq., Vulg. (' murmurabunt '), Jer., Wye. ' thej shal grucche ' (13SS, ' grutche '), Luth. , Oct. (' grudge,' so Rog, Cran., Bish.), Dou. ('murmur'); and it is preferred by BurgesI and Cheyne. Wellh. (PB) gives ' They shall be sated, torsootlt, and be quieted.'
GUARD
Thi3 meaning of the word may be illustrated by Elyot, The Goveriwur, ii. 183, ' Sfmblably tbere be some that by dissimula- tion can ostent or shewe a highe pravitie, mixt« with a sturdy entretaynement and tacion, exilinge them gelvcji from all pleasure and recreation, frowninge and grutchinge at every thin^'e wherein is any rayrthe or solace, all thoujrh it be honest*': so Sir John Maundevile, Voiage^ p. 69 (ed. 1727). 'Thanne passe men be the welle that Moyses made with his bonde in the Desertes, whan the people grucched, (or thei found no tliinge to drj-nke.*