In the same sense the subst. ' grudgine;' has been retained in AV in 1 P 4' ' Use hospitality one to another without grudjring' (TR ifcv yoyyvafi^f, eild. 70771^^05, Ilv 'without murmuring'). Cf. Ex 16' Wye. ' I have herd forsothe youre grucchyiige agens tlie Lord ; what forsoth ben we, tliat ye grucchen agens us?' (Tind. ' because he hath herde j'oure grudgynges agaynst the Lorde : for « hat are we that ye should murmure against us?'); Nu 17° Tind. 'So I wyll make cease from me the grudgynges of the children of Israel which they grudge agenst you.' So Sir T. Elyot, The Cover- notcr, ii. 150, ' Leave youre giud^j-nges and menasinge countenaunce towarde Gysippus ' ; and Chaucer, Persones Tale, 499, ' After bakbyting comotli gnicching or murmnracion ; and somtyme it springeth of impacience agayns God, and som- tyme agayns man.
I'liu modern meaning of the word is found twice in AV, in the phrase ' bear a grudge against,' and in the adv. ' grudgingly' : Lv 19'* ' Thou shalt not avenge, nor bear any grudge against the children of thy people ' ; 2 Co 9' ' Every man according as he puriioseth in his heart, so let him gii-e ; not grudg- ingly, or of necessity : for God loveth a clieerful giver ' (iK 'Kinrrii, lit. ' out of sorrow,' as RVm).
J. H.\.STIN"GS.
GUARD.— 1. The guards of a foreign ruler (king of Egy|it, Gn ST^-v,/. ; king of Babylon, 2 K 25^ nl., ,ler 39'" a/., Dn 2''') are called D--;;n hattabhCthim (.\ram. n;^;o tnbbii/yii/i/A), 'the slaj'ers.' The singular n;a tabbdh ( 1 S 9^- **) is translated ' cook,' but the literal meaning is 'slayer [of animals],' for in the East the cook has a double duty ('slay and make ready,' Gn 43"^). In RVm (Gn 37^ at.) Inbbdliim is translated 'executioners' ; but though the guards carried out executions, it may be doubted if this work gave them their name. In the Apocrypha the guards of a Persian king (1 EsS^) and of Holofemes (Jth 12') are called ol fUfiaTotpOXaKes.
2. An Israelite king had d-t] rHzim, lit. ' runners ' (1 S 22" RV [also in 21', if we adopt, with Driver, Griitz's doubtful conjecture c'VT 'runners,' instead of MT D'l'T ' herdsmen '], 2 K 11") who ran before his chariot (1 IC 1°), and kept watch at his door (1 K 14"--»=2 Ch 12"'-"). In 1 S SlHhey are called his ' men ' (his ' house,' ICh 10'). David had also foreign guards, Cherethites AND Peletuites (which see). At a later time the Carites, njn hakkAri (2 K 11* RV), were probably foreign guards. On the other lutnd, ni'T;p mishma'ath, ' guard ' (2 S 23^ = 1 Ch 11^) probably means 'council' (as 1 S 22" RV), the body which heard (fr. V"y shdma, 'to liear') the king's allairs (but see Driver, ad loc.), Tlie guard had an armoury or guardroom, cvi.n nij tec kdrdzim (1 K 14-'), perliaps in the house of tlie forest of Lebanon (1 K 10"). In the fallen slate of Juduh after the Return, Neheraiah's guards (if regular gimrds they were) are called (not riizim, 'runners,' for the word suggests 'pomp,' but) -It; ■rn -piM 'ans/u- /lammMmdr, ' men of the watch ' (Neh 4»).
3. The well■kno^vn Pratorian Guard is men- tioned in two places of the NT, in Ac 28'" (a pas- sage absent from WIl and from RV text) rip arpa- ToirtSdpxB (-XV). ' tl'e lajxain of the guard ' (' of the pra'torian guard,' R\ m), and in I'h 1'^ i" iiXv TV TTpaiToiplif, ' throughout the whole pra'torian guard," RV.
GUEST
207
4. There is mention in Mt27''' " (fx"'^ Kov<rTu5tai', ' ye have a guard,' RV) of the Temple Guard, which, under a Roman ofticer, was stationed in the Tower of Antonia, and liad charge of the high- priestly vestments (Jos. A nt. XV. xi. 4).
5. In Mk 6'^ (TTrcKPvXaTQip (Lat. speculator, 'a soldier of his guard,' RV) properly means 'a look- out olficer.' Ten such othcers were attached to each legion. They were used for bearing de- spatclies (Suet. Calig. 44), and for executions (Senec. Dc Ira, i. Ifi). See Wordsworth on Mk6", and Benson, Cyprian, p. 505 note.
W. E. Barnes.
GUDGODAH (.Tni-!;n). — A station in the joumey- ings of the Israelites, mentioned only Dt lu', whence they proceeded to Jotbathah. There can be little doubt that Hor-haggidgad in tlie itinerary of Nu 33''' indicates the same place. The general considerations which suggest a site for it in or near the Araljah are given in § iv. of the art. ExoDUS, and the position of Wady Ghudaghid (which runs into the Wady Jerafeh, see majis of Robinson and Palmer) is suitable, but the identity of name is exceedingly doubtful (see Driver on Dt 10'). It should be noted tliat Gudgodah has the def. art. in Ileb., and that the LXX translates VaiyaS, as it does in the case of Horhaggidgad (wh. see).
A. T. Chapman.
GUESS is used intrans. (followed by ' at') in the sense of ' divine,' ' find out,' Wis 9'" ' Hardly do we guess ariglit at things that are upon earth' (^AXis (iK^ionff, Vulg. ' difficile testiinamus,' RV 'divine,' RVm ' conjecture ') ; Sir D'* ' As near as thou canst, guess at thy neighbour, and consult with the wise ' (ffToxoffai Tous -^XrtdLov ; Vulg. ' cave te a proximo tuo ' ; RV ' guess at thy neighbours ' ; Edersheim, ' seek to make out,' or ' search out'). Shaks., who uses the word chiefly transitively, has it in this sense also, as Ant. and Clevp. III. iii. 29 — ' Quess at her years, I pr'y thee ' ;