Goats' hair (o'ly) is named among acceptable ofl'erings for the sanctuary (Ex 25'' 35") ; it was not use<l for the interior worlc, but only for the outer covering of the tabernacle (Ex 26' 30'^). The preparation of the cloth reiiuired special skill and dexterity (Ex 35-"). Work of "oats' hair is directed to be purihed after ceremonial pollution (Nu 31™). From the connexion here, it seems to have been employed then, as now, for articles of clothing. The large overall, or 'abd', commonly worn, is almost invariably of goats' hair. It serves, among other purposes, aa walorproof in rain, as great- coat in cold, and as blanket at night : it possibly corresponds to the 'garment' of Ex 22-' (RV). Pillows or cushions are sometimes stullej with goats' hair (1 S 19"). Goats' hair formed the material with which St. Paul was occuiiied as a tent-maker (Ac 18'), the haircloth for which liis native province of Cilicia was noted being known to commerce as cilicium. Of this dark-brown stuff the tents of the nomads have been made from of old (Ca 1'), and employment is still found for great numbers in preparing materials for the ' hair houses ' of the BedawJn.
Camels' hair (Opli Ka)j.i)\ov) is mentioned only as forming the raiment of John the Bajitist (Mt 3', Mk 1'). This was possibly the softer wool of the camel, the Arab, wabr, of which a more closely fitting garment is made, with sleeves, worn under the 'aid' described above (but cf. Jerome, 'non de lana cameli, sed de asperioribus setis').
W. EwiNO.
HAJEHUDIJAH occurs in RVm of 1 Cli 4'" in an obscure genealogical list. It is the transliteration of the Heb. •"';ivi"' which, however, probably is not a proper name, but means 'the Jewess' (so KV and KVm). A'V reads Jehudijah. LXX has aOrn 'A5«id. See GENIiALOOY.
HAKKATAN dyrc ' the smallest').— The head of a family of returning exiles (Ezr 8"), called in 1 Es 8*" Akaton. See Genealogy.
HAKKOZ (r^rr).— 1. A Judahite, 1 Ch 4« ; AV Coz. 2. The eiK»uvm of a priestly faniilv, 1 Ch 24'", Ezr 2"' T"', Keh 3'- ='. In Ezr and Keh the first part of the word is taken to be tlie definite art. by AV, which reads Koz. In 1 Es5'*the name appears as Akkos. See Genealogy.
HAKUPHA (K;<pq). — Eponym of a family of
Nethinim (Ezr 2", Neh 7"), called in 1 Es 5" Achipha. See Genealogy.
HALACHA See Talmud.
HALAH (n^q) is mentioned 2 K 17" 18", 1 Ch .■>»• as one of the places whither the king of Assyria deported the captives from Samaria. LXX 'AXd« li (once 'AXXie A), in Ch Xadx ( I for Xa\d), A XoXd, Vulg. Ilala, in Ch Lahela {'.). The description indicates plainly that it is to be sought in Northern Mesopotamia, not far from Nineveh ; but the loca- tion of the name has always been disputed. The various views are : 1. That Halah is a large city of Assyria, the Calah (nSs) of Gn 10", Kalkhu of the cuneiform texts, modern Nimrftd between the TigTis and the Upper ZAb, S. of Nineveh (see Calah). This identification is quite inadmissible on phonetic jjrounds, as is likewise 2., Halivy's comparison with Cilicia, I'jn Khilaklcu. The latter has also the context against it. 3. The region Clialkitis(XaXKiTis) in Mesopotamia (Ptol. v. 18. 4), bordering upon Gauzanitis (Gozan) and the country Anthemusia, near the rivers Chaboras(Habor) and Saokoras (or Mj'gdonius), would suit (so Sehrader in Kiehin, Hnndwbrterbuch), if we were sure that the Greek form represents the same consonants as Halah. Of course, the modem village Gla, on tlie Upper Chaboras (Smith, Bible Diet.), cannot repre- sent the name nor the modem yolwan (see below). 4. Bochart (Plutleg iii. 4) compared t!:s Calachene (KaXaxfirn) of Stiabo (736, comp. KoXoicii'ij, Ptol. vi. 1), a plain of Northern As.svria at the side of Adiabene and Armenia, E. ot the Tigris. 5. This name is not to be confounded with the Chalonitis S.E. of Assyria on the Zagrus moun- tain (Strabo, 529, 736; Plin. vi. 30, i. 27, 31, etc.; Dion. Perieg. 1015; Polyb. v. 54). Isidorus of Charax describes the Parthian province of XaXuvf- Tis, called thus from 'the Greek city Xd.\a.' Thia is evidently the same as KcXuJi-ai, Diod. xvii. 110, Albania, Tab. Pent., the modern ^olwan
i^tls-. It b claimed that this city appears in
Syriac literature as ^alah ( = n'?n, Asscm. Bibl. Or. iii. 418), and the KaXxdt, Chron. Fasc. i. 730, would confirm this. But there are various dilli- culties attached to this complicated identification, and the Assyrians seem to call Ilolwan Halwnn ; see Delitzsch, Parodies, 205. 6. More probability is attached to the view of Winckler (Alttcstainrnthche Untersuchungcn, 108). The LXX understood Halah as a river, ir 'AXdf xol iv'A^Jip, roTajuois ( !) rwi'^di', so that the original text may have had the plural ' rivers of Gozan.' Consequeiitlj'. Winckler proposed the easy emendation nbi for nyn, i.e. the modern Balikh river (already called Bnlikiti in Assyrian times, BdXixo, B>)Xixos, BiX>)xa, Bellas of the classical writers), flowing into the Euphrates not far from Kakka. This view has lieen accepted by most modern scholars. 7. Lately, however, \Vinckler himself has retracted it {Alturientulische Forschungcn, 2SI2). Two cuneiform documents mention a countrj* Klitilakhkhn, IJnlahlin, i.e. nSn near Haran, in the very same region where the biblical description would place Halah. The exact position cannot yet bo determined, owing to the fragmentary state of tho.se documents ; but it seems that tins bust explanation is the best solution of the problem. 1'os.sibly, also, the 6th explanation still deserves some attention.