'I'lie words of Mt 6', Lk II' are as old as Wye. ' halowid be thi name,' and are found in all the versions except the Rhemish (1582), which has 'sanctified be thy name ' ; but the mod. editions of Rhem. (as 1898) nave changed to ' hallowed be thy name.' J. Hastings.
HALT.— 1. To be lame, to litnp: Gn 32^> 'He hailed upon his tliigh ' (iai""?;; V'^s, Amer. RV 'went halting'). The same vb. is ti'' 'halt' in Mic 4'- ', Zeph 3" (Amer. RV always ' is lame '). T. Fuller (Holy State, iii. 15) says, ' \A'ounds in warre are most honourable : Halting is the state- liest march of a Souldier ; and 'tis a brave sight to see the flesh of an Ancient as torn as his Colours.' And Rutherford, with a reference to Mic 4"- ', speaks of ' God's kirk ' (Letters, No. xli. ) : ' He will have her going through a thousand deaths, and through hell, as a cripple woman, halting, and wanting the power of her one side, that God may be her staff".' The adj. ' halt ' is given as the tr. of XuX45 in Mt 18», Mk 9", Lk U", Jn 5', though everywhere else (except Ac 14' ' a cripple ' in AV and RV) the same adi. is rendered ' lame' (Mt 11' 1580. 81 Ql", Lk 7-^ 14-», Ac 3= 8', He 12"). In Lk 14°' RV gives ' lame,' but keeps ' halt ' in the other three places. Tind. has 'halt' in Mt 11" 'The blynd se, the halt goo, the lepers are clensed.'
2. To stumble, to fail, Ps 38" ' For I am ready to halt,* and my sorrow is continually before me ' (•^2) y'ji-^, AVra 'ready for halting,' Del. [so Amer. RV] ' ready to fall,' with note, ' if God does not graciously interpose, he will certainly fall head- lonjj'; WelllL-Jumess [in P5] 'on the verge of falling ') ; Jer 20'" ' All my familiars watched for my halting' ('v'^i '-icb', Streane, ' those who watch my side,' implying a reading f^», ' ribs,' ' side ' ; RV ' tliey that watch for my halting' ; Cheyne, ' either laid traps for me, or wait«d for me to commit some error for them to take advantage of,' who points out that the phrase ' my halting' is taken [?] from Ps 35"> 38"). To those two passages in AV the Eng. (not Amer.) RV adds Job 18'^ ' Calamity shall be ready for his halting ' (iv^sS AV and RVm ' at his side '), and Ps 35" ' But when I halted they rejoiced' ("V^s?!, AV 'But in mine adversity'). Tindal in his exposition of Mt 5""" (Expositions, Parker Soc. p. 38) shows us this meaning of ' halt ' arising from the meaning already illustrated, ' I come not to destroy the law, but to repair it only, and to make it go upright where it halteth.' Then cf. Glanvill (Ser, 5), 'We have many obsen'ers, whose malice makes them critical and curious ; they lay in wait for our baitings, and are glad at heart wnen they have caught an opportunity to re\-ile us.' In Preface to AV 1611 the translators
* In this passage lo AV Bunyan found the name of Mr: Ready, to-balt.
say of Roman Catholic scliolars that thoy ' doe eitlier make new Translations themselves, or follow new ones of other mens making, or note the vulgar Interpretor for halting.'
3. To irnver, 1 K 18-' ' How long halt j'e between two opinions ? ' (a'nzs obn ; Amer. RV ' go ye halt- ing '). The figure is the uncertain gait of one who is di\'ided in mind between J" and Hiial. The same verb is used in v.^of the irre<j:ular dance round the altar of Baal. Cf. Purclias, Pilgrimnqe, 343, ' Their reli''ion halteth betwixt divers religions of the Turkcs, Persians, and Christians of the lacobite and Nestorian Sects.'
4. The mod. sense of come to a standstill, stop, does not occur in AV, but is introduced by KV into Is Iff" 'This very day shall he halt at Nob' (lb;!,':, AV 'remain'). J. Hastings.
HAM (on, Xom). — The name of one of Noah'g three sons (Gn 10' etc.), and founder of one of the three great families into which the biblical ethno- logists divide the world. There seems little doubt tliat this word is the Egj-ptian name of Ejjypt (Hier. Kem, sometimes p t' onKe/n, 'land of Egypt,' Demot. Kemi, Theb. Kerne, Ba-slim. Kerne, Mempli. A'Ar;ne),and indeed in the poetical language of the Psalms the ' land of Ham ' is a synonym for Mi?raini (105^-" lOG-^', cf. 78"; Brugsch, Geogr. Inschr. 73). The meaning of the word is ' black,' which appears in the Arab, ahmnm, fem. hnmma, as well as in many Coptic derivatives (Peyron, l.ex. Copt. 661. The origin of the appellation is to be found in the blackness of the soil of the Delta (Plutarch, de Is. et Osir. 33), since the Egyptians do not call themselves by this name, which ccrre- sponds with an epithet applied to rich soils gener- ally (Ebers, Algijpten u. die Biieher Mose's, 55).
2. The narrative of Gn 9"->* h.as been analyzed with great ingenuity by Budde (Urgcschichte, 2!)oir. ), partly after the .suggestions of Well- hausen, whose results are in the main as follows. The narrative is based on a documi'nt in which the place of Ham was occupied by Canaan ; this ia rendered practically certain by vv.'"- ", in which Noah, perceiving what his youngest son had done unto him, proceeds to curse Canaan, who is men- tioned no less than three times in Noah's speech (vv.^-^). It is therefore probable that in v." ' Ham, the father of Canaan,' is a correction for ' Canaan ' (cf . for the method 1 Ch 20°), and indeed these words show very clear signs of alteration. The family of Noah, then, according to the earlier account, consisted of Shem, Japhetli, Canaan ; and the legend accounts for the .sul)jugation of the third to the two others, implying a state of things in which the word ' Canaanite ' was synonymous with 'slave.' T)ie act imputed to Canaan is that of a little boy, and hence chronological difficulties arise if the Noah of the story be identified with the Noah of the Flood. The three sons, moreover, represent nations occupying the same country (probably Canaan), whose mutual relation is ac- counted for by the story, but who do not appear to have been intended to represent the progenitors of the nations of the earth. While the name ' Shem ' lends itself readily to interpretation, if s caste be signified ( ' men of name ' or ' note,' wiienes 'name' or 'note' became personified), only vague conjectures can be made about the original import of 'Japheth' ; but 1. 16 of the Marseilles ii-'i-rip- tion shows us that we possess only an imperfect tradition of the caste-system in Semitic peoples.