books. But we see very little evidence in tha Psalter ot arrangement according to subject. It seems, therefore, more probable that they were taken as tliey stand iroiii some previous collection or collections in which all the psalms were so marked ; just as in a modern liymnary all the hymns taken from Hymns Ancient and Modern might be distinguished by Amen at the end. We have an even more complete example of taking the psalms en bloc from some other source without rearrangement in 'Songs of A.scents' (Ps 120-134). The occurrence of H. in Ps 106, after the doxology which closes liook iv., may be the insertion of a reviser, to make it agree with Ps 104. 105, which have the H. at the end, when the doxology had come to be regarded as part of the psalm. The H. psalms vary considerably in character. We lind such dill'erent themes as the prai.ses of the God of Nature (104), the God of Israel (105. 106), God who hears the prayer of the poor (113) and of the sufferer (116), the superiority of God to idols (115). That these psalms are late may be jiroved from ( 1 ) the fact that Jak is a contracted and later * form of Jahu, which occurs in the early forms Jesat/ahu, Jirmeyahu, as contrasted with the later forms which we know as Isaiah and Jeremiah ; (2) the use of (generally) late grammatical forms as ' for constr. state, as in 113'- '• ", v for -c-n, as a prefix in 135'^ 14G»»; (3) the didactic character of lll'» 112, in the spirit of Ps 1, the Book of Job, and later parts of Proverbs ; (4) the subject-matter of .such a psalm as 147, which points back to the Restora- tion (147^) ; (5) the fact that the historical psalms, 105. 106, presuppose PJE, and were therefore com- posed after the first compilation of the Hex. (see Hexateuch). Notice in 105^' the lice of P, as well as, in im^, the locusts of JE ; in 106"Dathan and Abiram of JE, as well as, in 1U6*'- ", Phinehas, God's aven''er of P.
The word passed from OT to NT. In Rev 19'-' it is the keynote of the song sung by the great multitude in heaven, and from the Jewish it founil its way into the Christian Church.
F. H. Woods.
HALLOHESH (-"-i^.i ' the speaker of charms').— An individual or a family muntioned in connexion with the repairing of the wall (Neli 3'-, AV Halo- hesh) and the sealing of the covenant (Neh 10-*). See Genealogy.
HALLOW.— 'Who,' says Trench, 'would now affirm of the verb "to hallow" that it is even obsolescent? yet Wallis two hundred years ago observed— " it has almost gone out of use" (fere desuevit).' He is condemning (in Enqlish Past and Present, p. 139 f.) the American Bible Union for dismissing from their new version words that have a suspicion of age upon them. And it is still quite true that 'hallow' as a biblical word is in active use, so that the Revisers felt no necessity for excluding it from either the NT of 1881 or the OT of 1885. In AV and RV it is u.scd as a syno- nj'm for ' sanctify,' translating in t) T some part of chj kddash, and in NT twice rendering the veib a^idfu. (Mt 6», Lk IP, both in the I>ord s Prayer). In the Apocr. the same Gr. verb is rendered ' hallow ' in 1 Es 1», Jth 9", Sir 33», 1 Mac 4" ; and the Lat. verb sanctifirare in 2 Es '2" 5^.
In the older versions it is more common. It is Wyclif's only word: thus Jn 17'" '.Viul 1 halwe my silf for hem, that and [1388 also] thei be hulwid in treutbe ' ; He 2" ' Sothely he that halowith, and thei that ben halowid, of oon alle.' So Tind. in
• See Omv. Utb. Pmp. !> timet, 14!)(r.. Knd jMtrow in Joumo) o/ Soc. 0/ Bib. Lit. xiii. (189<), 101-12T, and in Z.i ir, IS'.KJ, pp. 1-10. In Ihejie paper* Jostrow further contends that tha llnal >T in many Heb. proper names is not a form nf tbe Dirios name at all, but simply an tmphatie Oifonmatit*,
:i«8
HALT
11 A. M
1 V 27" ' If a man halowe a pcce of his enliereteil londu unto the LorJe, it shalbe set accordynge to that it bearetli ' ; ami in a niarg. note on Dt 20* (where his text is, ' Yf any man have bylt a new housse and have not dedicate it '), he says, ' Dedi- cat : the levites, I suppose, halowed them as we doo cure shippes.' In a note to Lv 8' he spells the word ' holow — ' Hence the pope fett holowenge of chirches, alters, font, belles, and so forth.' Cov. has 'unhallow' in Ezk 44" 'they shal put of the clothes, wherein they have ministred . . . lest they onhalowe the people with their clothes.' In his Expositions (Parker Soc. p. 180) on 1 Jn 2'»-^' Tind. uses 'sanctify' and 'hallow' to<jether as quite synonymous : ' Christ in the Scripture is called The Holy, because He only sanctiheth and halloweth us.' This quotation shows the origin of the word also: from A.S. hdlig, holy, came hi'ilqian, to make holy, middle-Eng. halijicn, later haltDe.