HAMON-GOG (I'a jton 'Gog's multitude,' LXX t» ToXiidi'5/)io>' ToC Viiy). — The name to be riven to the valley (outside the Holy Land) where Gog and all his multitude are to be buried (Ezk 39"- '»). This valley, according to the MT, was the 'Valley of the Travellers ' (onavri), a designation which is not found elsewhere. Hence J. D. Michaelis, followed by Bertholet and many others, reads o'lji' ( Abarim, Nu 27'^ 33"). From the mountain of this name a valley may well have been called Abarim, and the locality suits the context. See further the Comm. of Hitzig, Smend, Cornill, Davidson, and Bertholet. J. A. Selbik.
HAMOR (iton 'he-ass') appears in Gn 33" 34, Jos 24'^ Jg 9^ as 'the father of Shechem,' a Ilivite by race, and ' the prince (k'sj) of the land' (Gn 34^). Jacob bought ' the parcel of ground, where he had spread his tent,' from the Hamorites, the BenS Hamor (Gn 33" (J), of. Jos 24^=). A differ- ent tradition is preserved in Gn 48^ (E), where Jacob gives Shecliem to Joseph, and speaks of having won it by torce of arms from the Amorite.
Dinah, Jacob's daughter, having been wronged by Shechem, Shechem makes an offer to take her as his wife ; and is supported in his claim by his father, Hamor, who proposes also that there should be freedom of marriage between the families of Jacob and Hamor (34'*'"). To this the sons of Jacob give their consent on condition that the Sliechemites accept the rite of circumci-sion. The bhechemites agree to the terms, and are ciroum- cised (v.**). On the third day, when the Sliechemites ■were unable througli illness to defend themselves, Simeon and Levi and their followers fell upon them, murdered Hamor and Shechem, and carried away Dinah to their own home.
In this narrative the narrator has combined two variant traditions. ' In the one, Hamor conducts the negotiations with Jacob regarding Dinah for
his .^(m (vv.*- "•'•'») ; he receives a reply (vv. '•■"), and in due course lays it before the assembled citizens of the town for their approval (vv. ■*•»*). In the other, Shechem himself asks Dinah from her father and brothers, and aft<^r their reply (v.'"-) immediately submits to the conditions tliey require (v.'").' The former Ls probably the narra- tive of P, the latter that of J.
That, under the imagery of events occurring in the history of a single family, the story preserves the recollection of important epi.sodes in an early phase of the Israelite community, is a view which Iia-s been maintained, in recent years, bv many scholars, and most ably, perh.aps, by NVcflliausen in his Composition des Ilexateuclis (see especially pp. 312-319, 353-355). According to this view, Hamor and Shechem personify Canaanite clans in central Palestine ; and Dinah a branch of the Israelite race, which settling in that region became rapidly merjjed with the native population. The attack by Simeon and Levi would then represent the recollection of some treacherous violation by these tribes of the tenns upon which the new settlers had been welcomed and acknowledged.
The fact tliat Hamor means ' an ass,' and Sliechem 'a shoulder' or ' a mountain-ridge,' makes it prob- able that we have in thesie names the appellatives of clans and families rather than of individuals. Mr. G. Buchanan Gray {Studies in Hebrew Proper Names, pi>. 90, 99-115) has shown, as the result of investigating animal names, that ' before the amal- gamation of the Hebrew tribes into a nation, totem worship and totem organization existed among some of the peoples of Canaan' (p. 115) ; and it is not unreasonable to connect sucli names as ' ass ' {Hamor), 'wild ass' {Piram Joa 10', Anah Gn 3G-, Arad Jg 1"), 'mouse' (^cAior Gn 3(1**), with the ' totem-clans ' among the earl}' inhabitants of Canaan (cf. Jacobs, Biblical ArehtEology, pp. 64- 103, on 'Totem-Clans in the Bible ').
H. E. Ry'le.
HAMRAN (ncn), 1 Ch 1" (AV Amram). — An Edomite. In Gn 36^ the name is more correctly given as Hemdan (cf. Kittel in Uaupt's SBOT on 1 Ch 1«).
HAMUL ('jior; 'spared'; on the form see Wellh. Sam. 19). — A son of Perez and grandson of Judah, Gn 46" = 1 Ch 2», Nu 20'. The gentilic Hamulites (•^iDijn) occurs in Nu 26".
HAMDTAL (Sc-oq 2 K 23" and 24", Jer 52' ac- cording to MT vocalization. In these last two occurrences the consonants give the form Hamital Sc'Dn, and this is supported by LXX in all three cases : 'A/ieirai, Mirdr, 'A/itiT-adX B, 'A/urdX, 'A/tirdfl, 'AjwradX A, 'A^irdX Luc, meaning possibly ' kin to tlie dew ' or ' my kinsman (lit. husband's father) is the dew'). — Mother of the kings Jehoahaz and Zedekiah, sons of Josiah. (See on the meaning of the name. Gray, Heb. Proper Names, 63 ; Hommel, Anc. Heb. Trad. 322). C. E. BuRNEY.
HANAMEL (Sxojn, perhaps gracious ' ; but see Gray, Heb
s for Strijn ' El is „ . >. Prop. Names, 307, n. 2). — Jeremiah's cousin, the son of his uncle Shallum. It was from H. that Jeremiah, having the right of redemption, bought a field at Ana- thoth. Although Jerus. was besieged at the time, the purchase was readily made by the prophet because of his assurance that the time would come when property would once more be secure (Jer Q97. 8. ».^2. «i .T. A .SEt.niE