HANANIAH (.^.•^3n, 'A^oi'id, '\yarlat, 'J" has been gracious'). — 1. One of the guild of perfumers (AV apothecaries) who in the days of Neh. repaired a portion of the wall of Jerus., near the ' broad wall ' (Nell 3'). He is perhaps the same as H. the son of Shelemiah, who is mentioned as repairing another portion of the wall, near the E. gate (3*'). 2. The governor of the castle, i.e. of the liirah, or fortress on the N. side of the temple. Neh., who describes him as ' a faithful man, and one that feared (Jod above many,' appointed him one of the two olUcers in command oi Jerus. (Neh 7-').
H. A. White.
HAND. — The word ' hand ' is used in the Eng. versions of the Bible with a variety of meaning which can be but partially illustrated from other literature. This is due to the remarkable freedom with which the Heb. word i; ydil is em]>loyed— a freedom wliii h does not belong to x''p to the same extent (though even in NT, chiclly through the influence of LX.K, x<'p 's found in some specially biblical meanings), so that the variety of usage is chiefly characteristic of OT.
It will conduce to cleAmes» if, flret of ft.1, % r^um6 la ^van of Uio uae of tl'id in Hcb., following Oj/. Ufb. Lfx.
1. The haud of man (Gn S^ et*:.), or anthroiK)iiathic»lly of Ood(Eik 8'); Inclmiinc the wrirt (On 24» » *' iS*">«» *H0, Jg 16") ; utandlnit for tJie Bngtr alone (On 41«>. VjA i">).
2. The ha'id at it UM. mm On 49-'4 'arnia of hm hand*,' i.*. amu which make hi* hands scnicrable ; 2 K 0^' ' he Ailed hit baud with the bow,' i.e. aciicd it ; and ' Oil the band ' of the prieal
294
HAXD
HAND
= consccnte, fnstall (perhaps from the l<lea of pivinp him the pelecttHi iH>rtions of the sacridce : see Fin.) ; a * hand weapon • (lit. ' weapon of the hand ) Nu 3.'"; and idols llie work of mun's hand (Is 2"*), as man ia the work of UodB hand (Job Ui^). Special \\.n s in which the hand is used are (1) to kiss the mouth (Jol>;ir-"); (■J)tohe laid on the mouth to express silence (Joh iiy. Mil' :"■): (3) the debt is • the lending of the hand ■ (Xeh 1031). txini the creditor ' the iniLster of Ute lending of the hand' (Dt 15''') ; (4) the lifling of the hand (to heaven) is the taking of an oath (Dt ai-") or the sign of prayer (I's 2s2) ; (5) to shako (lit. ' hranilish ■) the hand is to defv (Is ItV-') ; (ll) to give the hand is to pledge (lizr lU'i') or to submit (1 Ch isi^).
3. The hand cu strong, helpful, (a) of man : Israel went out of Egypt ■ with an high hand ' (Ex US), ,-.,. boldly, dcflantly ; and to act * with an high hand * against J", is to act presumptuously SVu 1 j*)) ; so, to be ' short of hand ' (2 K 1U«) is to be of small I>ower ; to strengthen one's hands is to help (Jg 9^) ; and the dropping down of the hands is the failure of strength (2 S 4') CO l)f IJod : Ilia hands are stretched forth to smile (Ex 9i'); or to deliver (Ex 13i«-l«, Dt 4*'), the opposite being the ' shortened ' hand (la 60» ,W) ; it is » ' gooil ' hand when it blesses (Ezr 7» S's, Nth 2»' '»), as protection is in the shallow of the hand of J" (Is 49"^) ; and under inspiration the prophet is in the grasp of God's hand (i K 3l^ la 8'', Ezk 13 3i«. *.' a;! 401 ).
4. The hand is used tlguratively to express strentjth or power (cf. Asayr. Wu 'strength'): Jos 8'-» 'there was iiot in them strength (lit. 'hands') to lice'; Pa 705 'None of the men of iniu'ht have found their hands,' »'.«. their powers are paralyzed in death. Of him who cannot bring a lamb or two turtle doves for sacrifice it ia aaid, ' his hand cannot reach to them ' (Lv 57" 14'-"). A display 01 power is ' a miKlity hand ' (Dt 34H ; ct. Job 27", Ps 78*-); and a grand achievement 'a great hand' (Ex 1431).
6. (1) The ■ hand ' is used for the side, 18 4" ' the wayside,' lit. ' the hand of the way ' (but see Driver, ad loc.) ; Dt ^'-i^ ' all the side of the river Jabbok ' (i;\^, lit. 'all the hand ' ; On 31-1 * the land is wide of both hands,' i.e. in both directions ; Jer 'i^ ' every one in his place," lit. * in his hand.' (2) Other technical senses are : a sign (1 S IS'^, 2 S I8IS) ; a part or sAare iGn 472J, 2 S 1!)«, 2 K 11', Neh 111) ; titm repetition (On 43^, Dn 12»). And in the plu. mipports (1 K 735- 3t) 1019 !>(» || 2 Ch 9""'"), tenoru! (Ex 26i'- 1« '•'' 3li'-3- w !>*»).
6. There are also many peculiar prepositional phrases, but these will be best understood in their Eng. equivalents.