327. 8.
HANAN (ijn, 'Avdi-).— 1. One of the Levites who assisted Ezra in reading and explaining the Law to the people (Neh 8'). He is probably the same as the Levite Hanan who signed the covenant (Neh
HA^IANEL
HAND
293
lC[Hob."]), as several of the Levit. names in tliU passage are found also in 8'. The name is wanting in the LXX of 8' and of 10'° (I!s')_: but in I Es 9** we (ind Ananias ('Ai-oWaj A, 'Awas B).
2. Tlie son of Zaceur the son of Mattaniah, one of the four treasurers a]iiiointed by Neh. over the Btorehouses in whicli the titlics were kept (Neh 13"). He was probably a Levite, and perhaps represented the singers and porters; for in 11" 228-2S. u Mattaniah is named as a Levit. house representing the sons of Asaph. Others, however, regard H. as a layman. 3. A Uenjamite chief (1 Cli 8-°). i. The youngest son of Azel, a descend- ant of Saul (1 ChS* = 9-"). 5. One of David's mighty men (1 Cli 11«). 6. The son of Igdaliali. The sons of H. ha<l a chamber in the temple (.ler So''). 7. Tlie liead of a family of Nethinini wlio returned with Zcrubliabel (Ezr 2^, Neh 7-"'). Called Anan in 1 Es u**. 8. 9. Two of ' the chiefs of the people ' who sealed the covenant bore this name (Neh 10=»-'*). See Genealogy. H. A. White.
HANANEL(SK:jn 'El is gracious'). — The name of a tower on the wall of Jerusalem. It is four times mentioned in O'V : in Neh 3' in connexion with the repairing, and in 1'2^^ in connexion with the dedication of the walls ; in Jcr 31^* and Zee 14'° as a Ixrandary of the restored and glorified Jerusalem. In both the passages in Neh it is coupled with the tower of Harameah (which see), and some have supi>osed it to be identical with the latter. From Neh 12'' we gather that these two(?) towers lay between the Shce]i gate and the Kish pate, and from Jer and Zee that the tower of Hananel was at the N.E. corner of the city. Conder thinks that Hananel and Hammeah be- longed to the 'castle' or 'fortress' (birnh Neh 2*, in Gr. /3dpis, Jos. Ant. xviil. iv. 3; BJ I. iii.
3, v. 4) of the temple. See Jerusalem. Kyle (Ezr. and Neh. 173) also sugjjests that Hananel may have been 'an outwork ol the great fortress at the point where the city wall ran into it.' A eimilar opinion is expressed by Buhl [GAP 141).
J. A. Seluie. HANANI CJiq, 'AraW, "Arai-fos Neh 7-).— 1. A brother, or more prob. near kinsman, of Neh., who brought tidings to Susa of the distressed condition of the .lews in I'al. (Neh 1-'). Under Neh. he was made one of the governors of Jerus. (7-). The name is perhaps a shortened form of Hananiah. 2. A son of Heman (1 Ch 25*). 3. The father of Jehu the seer (1 K 10'). It was H. who, according to the Chronicler, reproved Asa for entering into alliance with Syria, and whom the angry king oast into prison (2 Cli 10'). 4. A priest of the sons of Immer who had married a foreign wife (Ezr 10-*). Called Ananias in 1 Es 9-'. S. A chief musician men- tioned in connexion with the dedication of the walls of Jerus. (Neh 12«). H. A. White.
HANANIAH ('i;j;i! ."i;?W 'J" hath been gracious'). — 1. One of the prophets of the anti-Chalda^in party (LX.\ calls him ^fuooTrpo^TJTTjs) in the reign of Zedekiah. His encounter with Jeremiah is related in Jer 28. A native of Gibeon, he was probably a priest (Jos 21"), like Jeremiah himself, whose characteristic style he seems to imitate in his attack. He, too, stands in the temple (cf. 20^), and, using Jeremiali's constant title for God, he prophesies the return from liabjdon within two years (contrast Jeremiah's seventy, 25") of the temple vessels, Jeconiah, ami the captives (con- trast '22''' 27"), and then, pointing to tlio yoke on Jeremiah's neck ("27"), he concludes as he had begun : ' I will break the yoke of the kinfj of Babylon.' With sad irony Jeremiah replied : 'Amen ; the Lord do so,' and then pointed out that, as the general tone of former true prophecy
had been minatory, a prophecy of peace would need an accurate fulfilment to vindicate its divine origin. H. then repeated his oracle in symbolic form (cf. 19'°), breakmg Jeremiah's yoke. Jeremiah retired in silence, but soon returned to tell H. that his breaking the wooden bar merely signified that Nebuchadnezzar's yoke would be of iron, and to announce H.'s death — the punishment of a lying jirophct (Dt 18^), who had spoken also rebellion agamst the Lord (Dt 13'). Within two months H. died (Jer 28").
2. The first of Daniel's three companions (Dn 1'). He received the name of Shadrach (whose mean- ing is much disputed ; see Bevan, Comm. on Dan., p. 61). They joined Daniel in his ascetic resolve, and shared his triumph (1'") and subsequent peril (2"). Through their prayers (2"""') the king's dream was revealed to Daniel, and at his request ('2''-') they were appointed ' over the aflairs of the province of Babylon,' and still further promoted ('i^) after their miraculous deliverance from the fiery furnace. In the Gr. interpolation after Dn 3-^ Azariah is most prominent (Song of the three Children vv.'-^, contrast**). Their deliverance is alluded to 1 Mac 2=", He U^-'^. 3. See No. 2 in nextarticle. 4. 1 Ch S'^-'-^'ason of Zerub., identified by Lord A. Hervey with Joanan (Lk 3-''), Rhe-sa being a title of Zerub. which has crept into the text (Smith, DB s. Genealogy of Cuuist). Bertheau conjectures that the six names in 1 Ch 3'-' are all sons of H. 5. lCh8='aBenjamite. 6. 1 Ch 2o^- ^ a ' son ' of Heman, leader of the 16th course of temple musicians. 7. 2 Ch 26" one of ITzziah's captains who superintended the organization of the army. 8. Ezr 10^, 1 Es 9'^ Ananias, one of those ' that had married strange women.' 9. See No. 1 in next article. 10. Neh 3** son of Shelemiah ; one of those who repaired the wall, possibly = No. 9, and descendant of No. 13. 11. Neh 12'^ a priest, cliief of the course of Jeremi.ah, when Joiakim was high priest, possibly mentioned 12" as present at the dedication of the walls. 12. Jer 36'''' father of Zedekiah, who was one of the princes of Judah in the reign of Jehoiakim. 13. Jer 37'^ grandfather of Irijah, ' a captain of the ward,' who appre- hended .Jeremiah on the charge of desertion to the Chaldieans. N. J. D. White.