VOL. II. — 20
solution of the riddle is to be sought for in the apocalyptic literature of the Jews.
Eb Nestle. HARNEPHER (-lyno).— An Asherite, 1 Ch 7". See GESiiALOoy.
HARNESS. — In AV harness always means ar- mour, and to harness means to put on armour, RV gives ' armour 'in '. K 2u", i Cb "P*, and 'armed' in Ex 13'*; «liUe Aiut<' KV prefers 'armour' also in 1 K 22", 2 Ch 18"; both have left Jer 46^ untouched : ' Harness the horses.' Tlie meaning is not (as Cheyne and most edd. ) yoke the horses to the chariots, but put on tlieir accoutrements. These beiug cliiedy of armour, ' liarness' was once a good tr°, but now it is mis- leading. Cf. 1 Mac 6''* ' One of the beasts, armed witli royal harness, was higher tlian all the rest ' (RV ' breastplates'). In .\pocr. 'harness' occurs also, 1 Mae 3' (RV retains), 6" (RV 'arms'), 2 Mac 3-* 5^ 15^ (RV all ' armour ') ; and the verb in 1 M.ac 4' (RV ' fortified '), 6™ (RV ' protected '). Examples of the word are, Nu 32** Tind. ' And Moses sayed unto them, Yf ye will do this thinge, that ye will go all harnessed before the Lorde to warre, and will go all of you in harnesse over lordane before the Lorde . . . then ye shall re- tume and be without sinne agenst the Lorde and agcnst Israel ' ; Is 22' Cov. ' I sawe the Elamites take the quyvers to carte and to horse, and that the walles were bare from harne-sse ' ; Knox on Ps 6 (IFor/iS, iii. 141) represents David as saying, 'Didest not tliow anis inflame my heart with the zeale of thy halie name, that when all Israeli wur so elTrayit that none durst encounter with tliut monster Goliath, yit thy Majesties .spreit maid me so bold and valiaunt, that without harnes or wea])i)nis (except my sling, staf, and stonis) I durst interjiryes singular battell aganis him?' And Tindale on 1 Jn 5'* says, ' And as men of war they ever keep watch and prepare themselves unto war, and put on the armour of God, the which is God's word, the shield of faith, the helmet of hope, and harness themselves with the meditation ot those things wliich Christ sullered for us.'
J. Hastings.
HARNESS.— (1) For shiryan (nv^ 1 K 22" II 2 Ch 18^), ' shirt of mail.' RV ( Amer.) ' armour.' See Breastplate. (2) For mshe!? (py j 2 Ch 9^), ' arms' (defensive or olVensive), RV 'armour.' (3) For iravoTrMa (2 Mac 15^), * the complete offensive and de- fensive equipment o: s. soldier' ; RV ' full armour.'
Harnessed for Mmushim (dt^Q Ex 13"), RV 'armed.' See Akms, Armour.
W. E. Barnes.
HAROD (11-).— A spring (jx not 'well' .\V) beside which Gideon and his army encamped prior to their attack upon the Midianites (Jg 7'). It was hero that the famous test by the moile of drinking took nlace. In v.» there is probably a characteristic play upon the word iin, ' whosoever is fearful and trembling' (nin). The site of Harod is not quite certain, although it is extremely probable that it should be identified with ' Ain J<xl ml [QWe&A {">)■, see Gilead (Mount)], about IJ miles E.S.E. oi Zcrin (Jezreel). Robin.son describes this as a spring of excellent water, spreaaing out into a fine limpid pool of 40 to 50 ft. in diameter, wliich abounds in hsh. A stream sufficient to turn a mill issues from it. 'Ain Jnliid was probaVdy also the spring beside which Saul encamped before the battle of Gilboa (1 S 29'). It ' flows out from under a sort of cavern in the wall of conglomerate rock, which here forms the ba.se of Mt. Gillioa' (Robinson). 'Ain Jnhid is mentioned in the dayi of the Crusades as Tubania (Will. T3T. xxii. '26). Bohaeddin {Vit. Salad, p. 53) gives the name aa 'Ain el-Jalut ('spring of Goliath'). This i* no
30b
HAEODITE
IIAKT
iloubt a reniiiiiseence of a Jewish legend (Asher, Bcnj. of Tuilclii, ii. 429 f.) that it waa here that David slew Goliath.
LiTEliATDRB.— Uobinson, BRP^ H. 323 f. ; Buhl, OAP 108; O. A. Smith, UiiUL 397 t. ; Ou6rin, Sainari/t, i. 308 r.
J. A. Selbie.
HARODITE (nhtin).— A designation applied in 2 S SS"* to two of David's heroes, Shainniah and Elika. The second is wantin" in LXX and in tlie parallel list in 1 Ch 11". In the latter passage, by a common *;ribal error (i for i and t for n) the Harodite ("I'lIJ?) has been transfuiiiied into the Harorite (I'liqci). So Oxf. Heb. Lrx., Siegfried- Stade, Driver, Kittel ; cf. Genealogy, vol. ii. ]). 132. 'The Harodite' was probably a native of 'Ain-harod, Jg 7'. See preceding article.
HAROEH (nxin 'the seer').— A Judahite, 1 Ch 2'". Perhaps the name should be corrected to Keaiah (n;N-)). Cf. 1 Ch 4?, and see GENEALOGY.
HARORITE.— See Harodite.
HAROSHETH of the Gentiles (a-Sm n^'in) was the dwelling place of Sisera (Jg 4^), from which he advanced against Barak (v.'^) and to which lie fled after his defeat (v.'"). The descriptive epithet 'of the Gentiles ' is obscure ; it may have been given to distinguish this place from a neighbouring Israelite Harosheth. H. is generally identified (by Moore rather doubtfully) with el-Harathiye.h, on the right bank of the lower Kishon, at a point whicli com- mands the entrance to the Great Plain from the Plain of Acre and the commercial roads that led tjirough it. Buhl objects that Harosheth cannot have been near tlie Kishon, and that a longdistance must have separated it from the liattlefield (cf. Jg 4.13. 16) This objection would have much more force if we could be sure that the story is a unity, but, upon the theory of a Jabin and a Sisera narra- tive having been combined, the situation of el- Harathtyeh suits the Harosheth, which is uniformly connected witli Sisera as Hazor is with Jabin. See further, Jabin, Jael, Sisera.