HART (Vn 'ayyfil, (\a(pos, cervus).—TUe Arab. 'iyyal undoubtedly refers to the same animal. It is probably Crri'iis Drima, L. , the true fallow defr.
HARUM
HASMON/F.AN
307
bat not tliatof AV Dt 14', 1 K 4^, wliicli is a mistr" of yahmilr, and should read rueburk. The fallow deer is found in Anianus, and is said by Tristram to exist also in the wooded region N.W. of Tabor, and by the Litany Kiver. The present writer has not, however, been able to verify this statement. Hasselquist met with it on Mt. Tabor. It may have become extinct there only in recent times. It seems clear from the fact that it appeared daily upon Solomon's table (1 K 4'-^), and from the freq. allusions to it in OT, that it was once abundant in Pal. and Sj'ria. It is exjiressly mentioned as allowed for food (Dt 12"-*^ 15--' 14»). Its power of leaping is noted (Is 35"), esp. that of its fawn (Ca 2"- " 8"). Its weakness when hungrj' is spoken of (La 1'), as also its lonj.'ing for water (Ps 42'). The former passage certainly, and the latter prob., alludes to the chase.
The Hind (nS;x 'axjydl&h) is also freq. mentioned. Nai)htali is compared to a ' hind let loose ' (Gn 49-', where, however, the text appears to be cor- rupt, see Ball's note in Ilaupt's OT). Her caU-in" is alluded to (Job .S9', Ps 20'), and she is spoken of as deserting her young for lack of pasture (Jer 14'). She is sure-footed (2 S 22^, Ps 18*", Hab 3'"). The tune Hind of the Morning (marg. title Ps 22 for Aijelctk hash-Shahar) may illustrate the early habits of the deer tribe in search of water and food. The writer has often seen gazelles, at break of day, feeding in the desert. G. E. Post.
HARUM (c-^n, but the vocalization is doubtful). — A Judaliite', 1 Ch 4". See Gknealogv.
HARUMAPH (l=nq, 'Epw;id<p, 'Epu/xde B. Neh 3'°). — .ledaiah, the son of H., assisted in repairing the walls of Jerus. under Nehemiah.
HARUPHITE.— 1 Ch I2». See Hariph.
HARUZ (piri, perhaps 'keen' or 'diligent'; 'Apoiis li\ Luc.) — Father of Meshullenieth, mother of Anion king of Judah (2 K 21'").
HARVEST See Agriculture and Vintage.
HASADIAH (.insn 'J" is kind ').— A son of Zerubbabel, 1 Ch 3=". The Gr. form Asadias occurs in Bar I'. See Genealogy.
HASHABIAH (.Tirn).— 1. 2. Two Levites of the sons of Merari, 1 th 6" 9", Neh 11". 3. One of the sons of Jeduthun, 1 Ch 25^ 4. A Hebronite, 1 Ch 26»'. 3. The 'ruler' of the Levites, 1 Ch 27". 6. A chief of the Levites in the time of Josiali, 2 Ch 35", called in 1 Es 1" Sabias. 7. One of the Levites who were induced to return undcT Ezra, Ezr 8'», called in 1 Es 8" Asebias. 8. One of the twelve priests entrusted with the holy vessels, Ezr 8^, called in 1 Es 8" Assamias. 9. The ' ruler of half the district of Keilali,' who helped to repair the wall, Neh 3", and scaled the covenant, Neh 10" 12=^- =«. 10. A Levite, Neh ir-^". 11. A priest, Neh 12". In all pro- bability these eleven are not all distinct, but we have not sufficient data to enable us to effect the necessary reduction of the list. See Genealogy.
HASHABNAH (.i::p[i for •T^c't!?).— One of those who scaled the covenant (Neh 1(P [IIeb.="]).
HASHABNEIAH (.i;};5'n for .■i;35'q ?).— 1. Father of a builder of the wall (Neh 3'"). 2. A Levite, Neh 9»=Ha.shabiah of Ezr S'"- », Neh 10" 11"^ 12--'. See Genealogy.
HASHBADDANAH (nj::?"!!). — One of the men.
probably Levites, who stood on the left hand o) Ezra at the reading of the law (Neh 8*). In 1 Ea 9** Nabarias.
HASHEM.— See Gizonite, Jashkn.
HASHMANNIM.— See Psalms.
HASHMONAH (npifci).— A station in the jonmey. ings of the Israelites, mentioned only NuSS-'"-*'. The L.XX reading {i:cVui/d, 'AaeXnuvd, AF) appears to confuse this station with the Zalmonah oi v.".
HASHUBAH (■ijsq ' consideration '). — A son of Zerubbabel, 1 Ch 3^. See Genealogy.
HASHUM (crri).— 1. The eponym of a family of returning exiles (Ezr 2'» 10^^ Neh 7" 10"), called in 1 Es SP Asom. 2. One of those who stood on Ezra's left h.-ind at the reading of the law (Neh 8*). In 1 Es 9" Lothasubus. See Genealogy.
HASIDSANS(D1TrfromTC7 ' pious,' in the sense of active love to God [Clieyne, Ps. 378], or because piety is sujjposed to be imjilied by kiiiilness lOxf. Ileb. Lex. s.v.'\; grecized into 'AiriSaioi) occurs in three passages in tbe Apocr. 1 Mac 2'" (A) speaks of a company 'KaiSaluv (some important MSS read '\ovoaiuv), and describes them as devoted to the law. 1 Mac 7'--i!' associates them with ' a company of scribes,' who were satisfied that Alcimus should be high priest because of his Aaronic descent. 2 Mac 14"" confounds them with the H.osmon.'eans (which see), whom, however, they did not always support (see 1 Mac 7'°""). But, though not mentioned elsewhere by name, their beliefs and practice are shown in such passages as 1 Mac l^ 1^\ 2 Mac G""- 7'"-'-, Jth 12- ; Jos. Ant. Xiv. iv. 3. They were not a political but a religious j>artv, composing the inner circle of the strictest legalists, and indisposed to interfere in civil govern- ment except in defence of Mosaism. They were not the progenitors of the Essenes, from whom they diU'ercii on the cruci;il question of sacrilice, but of the Pharisees, with whose rise their name as that of a party disappears (Wellhausen, Pliar. unci Sadd. 70 ff.; less correctly. Hamburger, RE ii. 132-137, 1038-1059). The name occurs in OT frequently, but it is not yet proved that it is used in a tedmical sense, even in Ps 1 16" 149*- ". In later Jewish literature the word denotes a rigid observer of the law {Bernch'jth v. 1 ; C/iarfif/ah ii. 7; Sotah iii. 4; Abuth ii. 10; Niddah \'ia); but it was not until more recent times that its use strictly as the name of a special sect, rather than as descriptive of the habits of the extreme members of a larger party, was revived. K. W. Moss.