HASMON^AN, the family name of the Macca- bees. It occurs in Jos. [who claimed (Ant. xvi. vii. 1) alliance with the family}, under the forms of Waaixuivtitoi and 'Acrtra/xui'aroi, and is derived from the name of an ancestor "Aa-o^iui'oro?, who is represented aa the great-grandfather of Mattathias (ib. xil. vi. 1). In the Talm. the family appears as "ja •K tofo (Middi.th, i. 0), and as 'n n-j (Subb 21" ; also Targ. Jonathan to 1 S 2*). The original M.cestor I^f- is not otherwise known ; but his name is con- nected with Itofn 'fruit fulness' by FUerst, with CM in the sense of 'to temper steel' by Ilcrzfeld, and with c-;7;? 'opulent' (Ps 68" [Eng. »']) by Ewald and others. The last suggestion is most probable, but is not unlikely to give way before NVellhausen's conjecture (Fliaristte.r etc. 94) that ToD -v)jituii of 1 .Mac 2' is a misrendering of ]~y- ;?. That would explain the apparent absence of allusion to l,Iashmon in 1 Mac, and make him the grand father of Mattathias. The exploits of Judas caused
508
HASRAH
HATRED
the family to be afterwards generally known as the Maccabees ; but this designation does not once occur in old Heb. literature. Hasniona'an or Uasniunrean is found in its stead, and can hardly have been entirely excluded from the Heb. or Arain. original of 1 Mac. R. \V. Moss.
H£SRAH See Harhas.
HASSENAAH (.ni<:cn) — The sons of H. built the fish-gate (Neh 3'). Their name, which is prob. the same as Hassenuah (wh. see), seems to be derived from some place Senaah (cf. Ezr 2^*, Neh 7™, and Berth. -Kyssel, ad loc.).
HASSENDAH ("ijiifn).— A family name found in two dilt'erent conne-vions in the two lists of Ben- jamite inhabitants of Jerus., 1 Ch 9', Neh 11'.
HASSHUB (TO'd 'considerate'). — !. 2. Two builders of the wall, Neh 3"-^. 3. One of those who signed the covenant, Neh lU^ [lleb.^^]. 4. A Levite of the sons of Merari, 1 Ch 9", Neh ll'».
HASTE. — The verb ' to haste ' is used transitively in Ex 5" ' And the taskmasters hasted them, say- ing. Fulfil your works' (KV ' were urgent ') : Is 16' ' And in mercy shall the throne be established ; and he shall sit upon it in truth in the tabernacle of David, judging, and seeking judgment, and hasting righteousness ' (RV ' swift to do righteous- ness ') ; 1 Es 1'-'' ' the Lord is \Wth me hasting me forward ' ; and 2 Mac 9' ' commanding to liaste the journey.' So in Wye, as Pr 13'-' ' Substaunce liasti'i shal be lassid [ = lessened]' ; and in Shaks., as / lienry IV. Ul. i. 143, ' I'U haste the writer' ; &nd liumeo, IV. i. II —
' Now, sir, her father counts it dangerous. That she doth pive her sorrow so nuich sway. And in his wisdom hastes our marriage. To stop the inuDdatioD of her tears.*
The intrans. sense is more common, as 1 S 2C 'And Jonathan cried after the lad. Make speed, haste, stay not.' Cf. Is 20' Cov. ' My soule lusteth after the all the night longe, and my mynde haisteth frely to the.' And the reflexive use is not infre- quent, as Gn 19^ ' Haste thee, escape thither.'
J. Ha.stinos.
HASUPHA (K;!i?D Ezr 2", K;i:q Neh 7« where AV inaccurately gives Hashupha).— The head of a family of Nethinim who returned with Zerub., callecl in 1 Es 5" Asipha. See Genealogy.
HAT. — Hats are mentioned once in AV, but it is quite certain that this is a mistranslation. When Shadrach, Meshech, and Abed-nego were about to be cast into the fiery furnace, they were ' bound in their coats, their hosen, and their hats' (RV ' their hosen, their tunics, and their mantles '). The Aram, is )irTn^3-i3, from which comes tlie denom. vb. Vj-ij (Pual ptcp. Sj-ipp), which coupled with '7'I'D is used of David in 1 Ch IS" as ' clothed with a robe of fine linen.' The RV 'mantle' in Dn 3^' is prob- ably as nearly accurate a tr" of k4ij as one could suggest, althougli Marti favours tlie meaning 'cap' = A.ssyr. karballnttu, a word which, however, Zehnpfund (Beitrcige z. Assyriologie, ii. 535) con- tends itself means ' Kriegs[?]-man'tel,' 'war-cloak.' See Oxf. Heb. Lex. s. [^2-q]. J. A. Selbie.
HATHACH (?,^n, 'kxpaeaios, E.st 4»- »•»•'», AV Hatach). — A eunuch appointed by the king to attend on qiieen Esther. By his means Esther learnt from Jlordecai the details of Haman's plot against the Jews.
HATHATH (nnq 'terror').— A son of Othniel, 1 Ch 4". See GENEALOGY.
HATIPHA (KE-cq). — Eponym of a family of Nctliinim (Ezr 2", Nell 7*^), called in 1 Es 5» Atijiha. See GENEALOGY.
HATHA ;k9'?d, cf. Aram, e^q 'to dig').— Epunvm of a guild of porters (Ezr 2*", Neh 7"), calleJ in 1 Es 5^ Ateta.
HATRED.— The actual word ' hatred ' is seldom found in the Bible. In the OT it represents three dill'erent words, two of which (rrj-x and nroir; occurring four times) mean more precisely 'enmity' (as of one nation towards another), and are so rendered by KV (Ezk 25" 35\ Hos y'-"), while the other (."iijjy which occurs thirteen times) denotes the opposite of love (with which it is explicitly contrasted, Ps lOy, Pr 10" 15', cf. Ps 97'°). In all the cases in which they occur, the words have a personal significance, and express human feelings — the absence of sympathy and love and kindly senti- ments, or the state of active ill-will, on the part of men towards men. In NT the word is found once only (IxSpa', lit. ' enmities,' so RV) in one of the lists of vices given by St. Paul (Gal 5^).