ticularly told that she left her husband. Drusilla had one son by I'elix, called .\"rippa, who perished in an eruption of Alt. Vesuvius in the reign of Titus, it is added ai'v tj 71*01x1, which is inter- preted by some to refer to his mother, by others to a wife of his own.
In Ac 24-^ ve are told how Felix with DrusUla his own wife (tj iSiq. ywaiKi, RV), a Jewess, heard St. Paul speak of faith in Christ, and how, when he spake of rigliteousness, and self-restraint, ;ad judgment to come, Felix trembled.
viii. Character of the Hehod Dvnasty. — In conclusion, it will be convenient to sum up some characteristics of the dyuiisty of the Ilerods.
(1) In the lirst place, we may take them as typical representatives of the lieges Socii under tlie empire. Of no other of the provinces have we the same detailed information as of the Jews in Josephus, and we are able to see the system of what we should call 'Protected states' at work. The kings and other rulers were abso- lutely dependent on the imperial power ; they had no right of making war, their wills were only valid when conhrined bj' the emperor ; they were expected to provide auxiliary troops when neces- sary. How clearly the Herods realized the limita- tions of their power is shown by the skilful manner in which they conciliated the Romans. Within their own territory they were supreme, but even here they were liable to accusations from their subjects. The value of the system in governing Orientals, whose character was so dilhcull lor Romans to understand, may be realized by the contrast allorded to the government of the pro- curators. If Agrippa had lived there would per haps have been no Jewish war.
(2) In relation to Judaism the first and most obvious characteristic of their rule is the Uellen- izing inlluence that it represented. However dis- tasteful to a large number of the people, however alien to their religious .spirit, there is no doubt that the inlluence was considerable. It produced the inevitable reaction which was one of the causes of the linal war, but it modified the ideas of those even who resented it. For Judaism to play its part in the world, it was necessary for it to ha\e some contact with the spirit of Hellenism ; and that the Ilerods gave it.
(3) The peculiar character and influence of .Vnti- pater and his descendants undoubtedly made Judaism a much more conspicuous factor in the Gru'co-Roman world than it would have been otherwise. We know how Civsar recognized the tiews as one of the three divisions of peojile ; we know how from him they obtained recognition of their privileges in a markeil way, and this was to a considerable extent due to the Herods. More- over, the social inlluence of the Ilerods seems to have been a consideraV>le factor in extending Judaism among the other kings of the East.
(4) And how far were the llerodian monarchy and aspirations a natural product of Judaism? They were not absolutely inconsistent with its history, they were in keeping; with its higher aspirations. From the days of .'>olomon temporal sovereignty had always been a dream of numy of the peo|ile. It achieved its most i)rominent success in Herod, and the very .success made the religious conscience of the people reject it. Ultimately, Christianity and Habbinism became the two real ]iroducts of Jewish history. ' The leaven of Herod ' was felt to be un.sound.
LiTKllATVRB. — Our authoritie* niay practically b« rcduoe<l to two. Josephus had namLUsl to UB the historv of tho wtiole llcrotl fatiiily wilh gnal fuliieHa. &iid to MuppVmrnt him we havt' only i»olftt*-<l ri'dTonces in other wrltin)fs. A history fmio Hahtiinii-Al »ourcce in iciveii by IKTenlMjurK, Ktsai tur rfiittoirt ft la tj^fyraphit de ia fatfttiix*. Modern aiithorilics iukv practically \>v conllnwl to ^hurer, Oe$chichU de* JtidiscJi^n
362
HERODIAXS
HESILMOX
Volkfi im Zritaltrr Jegu Chrisl (there U an Fng:Ush transla- tion), who ffivcs fuli relcTcncfs to all authorities ancient and nirtlern. The best nionoffniphs are by Keim, in SdiriJceft liiUt-Uxicoiu Accounts ot the lleroda are iriven by Stanley and Mthnan, and there ill a popular work by Karmr. The irticles In Smith's DB by Westcott are good.
A. C. Headlam.
HERODIANS (HpwJioi-o/.'WH -pva-).— The Hero- dians are mentioned twice in the Uo8i)eI« (Alk 3' in GalUee; Mt 22'»= Mk 12" in Jerus.), aK)nt' witli the Pharisees, as adversaries of Je.sus. Some of the later Cliurch Fathers (e.j.Tertulli!in)re^'arded them as a religious party, who held Herod to be the Messiah ; but this is altof^ether improbable. They were a])i)arently a political party, most probably the adherents of the dynasty ol Herod. At the death of Herod (B.C. 4), his kingdom was divided among his sons, Iduma;a, Judiua, and Samaritis being allotted to Arclielaus. When Archelaus wtis deposed (A.D. 6 or 7), a lioman procurator was put in his place, and thenceforward Judioa continued under procurators, witli the exception of a brief interval, during which Herod Agrippa I. united under his sway all tlie dominions of his grand- father. It was doubtless the constant desire of the family of Herod to restore the kingdom of their father ; and the Herodians would seem to have been the party of those who favoured their pretensions. They were neither the adherents, in particular, of Herod Antipas, tetrarch of