3. A Calc^)ile (1 Ch 2*'). G. A. COOKK.
JOURNEY.— See Sabbath Day's Journey. JOURNEYINGS OF ISRAELITES See ExoDUl
AND JoUIlSKV TO CANAAN.
790
JOY
JUBILEE
JOY.— The following are the prineiiial Ileb. and Gr. words of which ' joy ' is the tr" in A V : —
*?*j, n^*3 (vb. S*^ or "ju, vorj' common), the primary meftnin^ of which, Judjnng from the co^nnU; Arab. jtU, may be to 90 roumi or altoiU, be fxcited to levity, etc. (see Oiif. Ileb. Lex. p. \tjZ^). U would be (lilHcult to differentiate exactly the similar terins rii?? and pi?;' (both from root C'lr). n;-i, nmf. In ^.'t-nfral, it may be wiid that tliey all include not only a mental emotion but some tnilward expreS!<ion of this, such as shoutinff, sin^'iii;:, leaping', dancing, sometimes with the ac-conip)ininient of musical niBlrumeiita (e.3. Ps 1329, ig ^913, •> s ci«, 1 S 1S«, U2J^).
In NT we have the verb iynXtjim^-iitau), in LXX = 7'3, j'7V, .np, kric*, and the noun «yaxx.otir(f. The latter is unknown to cl.issical Oreek hut frequent in LX.V, and occurs in NT in Lk l'«-«, Ac2«, JudeS*, lie 19(quote<l from Ps 463 where it renders I'!;';"). This word expresses vehement Joy or exultation (cf. Lk 1**). The common NT word (or 'Joy' (noun) is x«^« (in LXX used for ■"in::u" and pi."-;'); the verb (see next art.) is x*y» (in LXX for .-;•;•, S'j, and cii').
It 19 important to recognize the identity as well as the dillorence in religions experience between OT and NT believers. 'The ditl'erence is in circumstantials, the identity in e.s.sentials. If joy is not as prominent in UT as in NT, it is still prominent. Its presence is Implied in the numerous beatitudes of the Psalms, such as 1' 32'. Such passages imply conscious possession of the bless- ings mentioned. But explicit references to the sub- ject are numerous and emphatic, especially in the uook of Psalms. A striking point of similarity between OT and NT piety is that, in both cases, God Himself is the object and ground of the believer's joy : ' My soul shall be joyful in the Lord, it shall rejoice in his salvation' (Ps 35", see also 43*, Is 51" etc.). Here religious joy reaches its highest, purest expression, With this may be compared NT passages like Ph 3' ' Rejoice in the Lord' ; 4*, Ho 5" 'We also rejoice in God through our Lord .Jesus Christ.' A suggestive
Parallel is found in Ph 3' ' We . . . glory in Christ esus.' Among the subordinate aspects or grounds of joy OT significantly emphasizes the divine law or word : ' His delight is in the law of the Lord ' ( Ps IMO'" 1I9'«2 etc. ). As we might expect, NT is richer in its exposition of the several aspects of religious joy. Faith is a source of joy (Ph 1^, Ro 15'^) ; so also hope (Ro 5^ 12'*) ; the testimony of a good conscience (2 Co 1'^). Christian joy is 'in the Holy Ghost' (Ro 14"), i.e. ' in connexion with, under the indwelling and influence of the Holy Ghost' (Alford); the Holy Spirit is the sphere or element in which it lives and moves ; see also 1 Th 1*. It is also a participation in Christ's own joy (Jn 15" 17"). Persecution and sufl'ering for Christ's sake, instead of hindering, enhances it (Mt 5"- 1», Ac 5", Ph 12»). A Christian rejoices in tribulation because of the fruit it bears (Ro 5'-*). For the same reason, temptation may be an occa- sion of joy (Ja P). The repentance of sinners causes joy in heaven (Lk 15'- '"). The joy of Chris- tians should be unbroken (1 Th 5'*). "The power, permanence, and exuberant fulness of a believer's joy here and hereafter are often dwelt on (Ps 4' 1G», Is So'" 51" 61', Jn 15" 17", Ac 13", 1 P I', Jude **). The Redeemer's joy in the certain pros- pect of the success of His work is mentioned in He 12^ The final reward of the Christian is participation in that joy (Mt 25"): 'that joy of the Lord arising from the completion of his work and labour of love, of which the sabbatical rest of the Creator was typical (Gn 1" 2-), and of which his faithful ones shall in the end partake ; see He 4»-", Rev 3=» ' (Alford). As believers rejoice in God, so God rejoices in His people (Ps 147" \i9*, Zeph 3") — a sentiment re-ecnoed by a modern Christian psalmist : ' He views His children wath delight.' If the reading in RV be accepted, the same sentiment is fonnd in Lk 2". Rejoicing in
the good of others is mentioned as the distinctive feature of Christian sympathy (Ro 12"). Tha 'joy of the godless' (Job 20') is ' not so.'
J. S. Banks. JOY. — As a verb 'joy' is used by Shaks. both transitively [ = (1) <;/arf(?en, as Ekh. HI. 1. ii. 220, ' Much it joys me to see you are become so peni- tent' ; (2) enjoij, as II Henry VI. IV. ix. 1, 'Was ever king that joyed an earthly throne?'] and intransitively ; but in AV it is always intransi- tive, with the meaning 'rejoice.' Sometimes 'joy' and 'rejoice' come together, as Ph 2"-" ' I joy, and rejoice with you all. For the same cause also do ye joy, and rejoice with me ' (xofpw Kai crixxtt'pw . • . x'^^P"'^ *»' avi'X''^p^t), there being no diflerence in meaning.