In most places of its occurrence, Tindale translated mmv XiieuM4. to Itoast. bv the verb to rejoice, and he was followed by AV in Ro 6-, Ph 33, Ja 1» 4i«. Once (Ko S") he rendered it
* joy,' and waa again followed by AV a3 well as by Cran. and the Bishops, though the Vulg. is gtorior (Wye., Khem., and RVm ' glory,' the others having 'rejoice ). Even RV gives
• rejoice.* which is plainly inadequate. If 'boost' was felt to be unsuitable, ' exult ' would have served.
J. Hastings. JOZ ABAD (i?"', another form of "'?!'in', Jehozabad, wh. see). — 1. 2. 3. Three of David's heroes, 1 Ch 22J. 20. 20. i. The eponym of a Levitical family, 2 Ch 31" 35». 5. A priest who had married a foreign wife, Ezr 10". 6. A Levite, Ezr 8*" 10», Neh 8' 11". See GENEALOGY.
JOZABDUS (Zd^«ot B, 'Ofi/SaJos A), 1 Es 9»»=j Zabbai, Ezr 10^.
JOZACAR ( AV Jozachar) is mentioned only in 2 K 12^',where we are told that Joash, king of Judah, was murdered by his ser\'ant8 ' Jozacar ben-Shimeath and Jehozabad ben-Shomer.' According to 2 Ch 25' Amaziah put to death his father's murderers. MSS of M"!" vary between njiv Jozakhdr, iji\' Jozd- bhddh, -i^jV Jozabhar (1 MS of Kenn. cited by de Rossi), and (one of de Rossi's) iji'i' Jbzakhadh ; LXX, B'lfffixdp (Swete; Tisch. gives B's reading as 'lefip- X<ip), A and Luc. ^-^ 'lufaxap; Vulg. Josachar ; Syr. Jozabar. The parallel 2 Ch 24^ has ' Zabad ben- Shimeath the Ammonitess, and Jehozabad ben- Shimrith the Moabitess.' LXX, B has Za/9^\, A Zafiie for Zabad. In 2 K Oxf. Heb. Lex., Kautzsch {AT), Baer, etc. ijii" Jozakhdr, as AV. [i3?i' in Ginsburg's Heb. Bible is stated by the editor to be a misprint for i3iv— S. R. D.].
Kittel (on Chronicles in SBOT) not only reads Jozakhdr in Kings, but emends 2 Ch 24* to Zakhar on the strength of the parallel in Kings. The vari- ous readings turn upon the very slight differences between 3 and 3, i and 1, which in some MSS are practically imperceptible ; especially in the case of n and 1, where Maphe is not used. "The proximity of the very similar Jehozabad would facilitate cor- ruption of the text. But the Ch text — which here, as often elsewhere, may be based on an older reading than that in our text of Kings — suggests that, in the original, there was only one name ; that this was accidentally written twice over ; and that, in process of further copying, the present readings in K and Ch grew out of this doublet.
Jozakhdr —^ i" remembers,' J6zdbhddh = ' 3" be- stows gifts,' must be a simple error. See also Zabad.
W. H. Bennett.
JOZADAK.— See Jehozadak.
JDBAL ('jjv, 'lou/SdX).— A son of Lamech by Adah, and inventor of musical instruments, Gn 4" (J). The name prob. contains an allusion to S3V, ' ram'i horn.' Regarding the instruments named in Gn, see Dillm. adloc, and art. Music.
JUBILEE.— See Sabbatical Ysab.
JUBILEES, BOOK OF
JUD^A
7,)1
JUBILEES, BOOK OF, or LITTLE GENESIS (t4
*lufiT]\ata, ij k\€ii^t} IVreaij, 17 XeirrTj IVj'eirtf ; Lf-'ptO' genesi.1; in Ethiopic KtifMi). — Under these niimes there is extant one of tlie most curious and inter- esting of the OT Aiio<ry])ha. It is preserved complete only in an Ethiopic translation (first edited by Dillmann in 1859), but a considerable portion of a Latin version has been published by Ceriani from an Ambrosian MS, and fragments of the Greek are contained in the Byzantine chrono- lofrists, who made lar^e extracts.
The book contains the narrative of Genesis, re- written from the point of view of the age of the author. It gives the narrative as a later Jew mit;ht imagine ordesire that it should have happened. The chief characteristics of this rewriting of the book are — (1) the narrative is put into the mouth of the •angel of the face,' who is represented as telling Moses on Mt. Sinai all that they (the angels) had done, and the legends of Creation, and of the Lord's dealings with mankind. (2) The narrative is arranged throughout in a chronological sj-stem of years, weeks of years, and jubilees. Every event IS dated ; as, for example, ' and in the first week of the third jubilee Cain slew Abel.' (3) Many legends of the class known as Midrashim are added to the narrative. (4) Great stress is laid on all the Jewish feasts, ami their institution in patri- archal times is a.sserted (the Feast of Weeks, the Feast of Tabernacles, the Day of Atonement, and the Passover). For example (ch. 16), Abraham institutes the Feast of Tabeniacles, 'on this account it is ordained in the tablets of heaven concerning Israel that they shall celebrate the festival of the tabernacles seven days in joy.' (5) Great stress is laid on ordinances of the Mosaic law, which are written in the ' tablets of heaven ' and connected with events in the life of the patriarchs — such are new moon and sabbath, the ollerings, the laws concerning blood and fornication and war. The sun was created for the sake of enabling the feasts to be calculated. (6) Some passages very derogatory to Edom are intro- duced.
The date of the book may be approximately fixed by the fact that it is used in ttie Textimony of thr. Xll Patrifinhs, and makes no mention of the faJl of Jerusalem. On the other hand, it apf^ircntly makes use of the Book of Enoch. The reference to Edom shows also that it was written after the rise of the house of Herod. Ewald placed it towards the end of the 1st cent. B.C.: but liatred of Edom could exist just as well at a later date, and other indications seem to suggest a time when troubles that preceded the fall of Jerusalem were l)eginning, the chief e.<chatological passage seeming to refer to them (ch. 2:t).