ENOS.— An ancestor of Jesu.s, Lk S^.
ENROLMENT.— See Ces.sus and Quiriniu.s.
ENTHUSIASM.— jBj!</M<*Mit«re means etymologi- cally a Divinely inspired interest or zeal (Gr. eV- iimvid^u), to be inspired by a gotl, from cf 'in,' and i>(6s ' god ') ; and therefore affords an appropriate modern rendering for the phrase ri/eOfm 07101', ' Holv Spirit,' in the NT (Lk !"• «• ■"■ ^ 4', Ac 2* 4»- " 6'-'» 705 917 iiM 139. see Bartlet's Acts, p. 386). The author of Ercc Hmiiii h.i-s called attention to the eiithiisiasm Jesus required of, and inspired in, His disciples (pp. 141, 152, 154, iifth edition). His own life was marked by enthusiasm, intense and exalted emotions in regard to His vocation. As a youth He was rntliKsidstic for His Father's house (Lk '_'■ : .It till r.i|itisni He devoted Himself to His (III: I, Mi and was conscious of receiA-ing the
S| : . ;iirit of zeal and power. His first
ciiiii 1 i III '<• li-c the new energy afforded the occasiim lur llic temptation in the wilderness (Mk 1'= 'straightway the .S]iiril drivetli him forth"). In His call to' His disri|iles. His teaching and healing, Hi.s journeyings from ])lace to place in the early Gal'iUcan ministry (Mk I"' '^■■^■*'), this
ENTHUSIASM
ENTRY INTO JERUSALEM 519
mood of enthusiasm is dominant (Lk 4'). Tlie same impression is conveyed in St. Jolin's record : His answer to His mother in Cana, the casting out of the traders from the temple, the challenjje to the priests, the confession of His Messiahship to the woman of Samaria, tlie forgetfulness of the needs of the body in His absorption in His work (2''- "• 19 426- 32. 34)^ have all the same characteristic of an intense, exalted emotion. His mood was mistaken for madness by His relatives (Mk 3='), and His answer regarding His spiritual relation- ships would not remove their doubt (3''" ^). His demands on His disciples to abandon all, and to cleave to Him (Lk 9»"- ^- 14="), and the Beatitudes He pronounced on the spiritually aspiring, and on the persecuted (Mt 5"- '-), spring from the same inward source. He was deeply moved by any evidence of faith wliich He met with (Mt 8'" 15-', Lk lO-i, Mt 16", Jn 12=^ Lk 23''2). He even in- tensely desired to fulfil His vocation in His death (Lk 12™). The Baptist contrasted his own baptism with water and the Messiah's baptism with the Holy Spirit and fire (Mt 3"). His words have been thus interpreted : ' He baptizes with water, in the running stream of Jordan, to emblem the only way of escape, amendment. Messiah will baptize with wind and fire, sweeping away and consuming the impenitent, leaving behind only the righteous ' (Bruce, ' St. Matthew ' in Expositor's Gr. Test. p. 84). When Jesus presented the same contrast in His demand to Nicodemus (Jn 3^), it is not probable that He referred to judgment, but to the inspira- tion which He brought to men in His ministry, the enthusiasm for God and His kingdom which He imparted. We have abundant evidence that He so inspired men in Galilee by His healing, teaching, forgiveness of sins, companionship (Mk !_-'• 5' 2}^- "),
mp; id attracted many (Mk 3' 6' believed Him to be John the Baptist, Elijah,
«). The people
Jeremiah, or one of the prophets (Mk 6", Mt 16"). That this mood was temporary Jesus recognized in the parable of the Sower (Mk 4=- «). The flame blazed up again for a moment among the Galilrean pilgrims at the triumphal entry (Mk 11*- '"). The early ministry in Judoea and in Samaria, as re- corded by John, made the same impression (Jn 2-^ 326 439-j2)_ After His Resurrection and Ascension the Christian Church received at Pentecost the permanent and communicable gift of holi/ enthusi- asm, {wi'evfj.a&yLot', as explained above).*
It is a^ difficult problem wliether in His early ministry Jesus was not led by His enthusiasm to show less reserve in the expression of Hia claims and less restraint in the exercise of His powers than was His practice afterwards, when He had learned from experience the peril this course involved of a premature close of His ministry. The solution of the problem depends on the answer given to the wider question, whether I change of method, due to the teachint; of experience, '^' ''' unerring moral insight and
• In this view of the meaning of Christian enthusiasm, as a power which finds its true source in the indwelling of the Holy Spirit, we get an interesting glimpse into both the history of language and the philosophy of that history, from the disrepute which attached to the word 'enthusiasm' during the age of Rationalism and Deism. Those were days when leaders in the Church set themselves to ' put down enthusiasm,' and Christian apologists were anxious to prove that neither Jesus Christ nor His Apostles were 'enthusiasts.' Hartley defines enthusiasm as 'a mistaken persuasion in any person that In- is a iK'iniliar favourite with f:nd; and that he receives "sniicnntunl nnrV^ Iherenf (Oh.ifrrolhiiit. on Man, i. 49(1), a d. Iimii t, hi h ,ii|imI\ . or- respoiitls to the conteniporarv idi.i- ■ i i i J, i;.
Carpenter, .7ro,ips J/artj»ii;;t,'n. '1 1 I ■ miIIhi-i-
asiii was a s.Mionym for fanatii-isiii -n ■ n \ m sini])!\
a fanatic. And the constant apph. .li,..h ..i Uk t. rnis to tiie Evangelical Revival and its leaders shons that this ilebabing of their value was due to the spiritual deadness of the critics rather than to the extravagances of the enthusiasts. Similarly, the .lewish leaders said of Jesus, ' He hath a devil, and is mad' ( Jn 1020) ; Fcstus said to Paul, ' Thou art beside thyself ' (Ac 262-1) ; and some of the people of Jerusalem, when they witnessed the charismatic gifts bestowed upon Christ's followers on the Day of Pentecost, exclaimed, 'These men are full of new wine'