sinless moral character, and the Divine guidance He constantly sought and found in the fulfilment of His vocation. If not, we cannot assume any such change. The question is discussed in The Expositor, 6th series, vol. vi. 'The Early Self-Disc.osure.' Literature.— Arthur, Tmigue of Fire ; J. C. Shairp, Studies,
362 ff- Alfred E. Garvie.
ENTRY INTO JERUSALEM.-This was one of
the acted parables of Jesus, in whi<:h some im- mortal lesson is concealed. The wa.sliing of the feet, the entry, and the cleansing of the Temple, stand together as dramatic representations of the principles and ideas of the Kingdom of God; of the humility and self-denial required in the life of the Christian ; of the mixture of condescension and majesty in the manner of the King's coming ; and of the peace He gives and of the judgment that follows in His .steps.
Of the Synoptic accounts Mk. seems the original. Mt. describes the entry in keeping with his representation of Je.sus as the Malka Meshiha of the Jews, and in consonance with the prophecy of Zee 9'. The KV rendering of 21< toCto Si yiyovcv, ' Now this is come to pass,' seems to put the refer- ence to the fulfilment of that prophecy into the mouth of Jesus. But the inference from Jn 12'''- '<* is that the prophecy is an afterthought of the disciples, in the light of the Ascension ; and the ten texts of ' fulfilment ' in Mt. are always comments of the writer. Mt. seems to represent Jesus as riding on the she-ass and the colt (eirdvw avTuv). In Zee 9» the Heb. i, as Rosenmiiller points out, is exegetical not copulative, and as 'ass' (iiDn) is male, the proper rendering is ' sitting on an ass, even a colt, the foal of she-asses.' There is thus only one ass in Zechariah. The apparent duplication is due to Hebrew parallclisrmis. Mt. is accused of embroi- dering the historical statement by adding a second ass in order to show the exact literal fulfilment of prophecy (Kirsopp Lake, at Liverjiool Church Congress). Robertson's attempt (Christianity nnd Mythology, p. 368) to explain the two asses mytho- logically as signifying that the 'Sun -god is at his highest pitch of glory and is coming to his doom,' is not to be taken seriously. Mt-'s penchant for ' doubles ' being well known (cf. 8^ 9-' 20="'-^''), the passage must not be pressed. Bengel's comment is 'pullo vectus est, asinS, item nsus, pulli comite.' Farrar suggested rendering iir&ua avTwti=' o\\ one of them ' ; cf. Ac 23^. Justin Martyr {Apol. 1. 32) speaks only of a colt, but, connecting the incident withGn 49", describes it as ' tied to a vine.'
The prophecy Mt 216, a compound of Is 62ii and Zee 99, is taken partly from Heb., partly from LXX. LXX suppresses iiyov, which is recovered from Hebrew. Mt. suppresses hixccto; xu.) ir<uC<u» (y^i: Niph. ptcp.: satvatm not salrator, trans, active, through influence of Tjypi; (' thy salvation ') Is 6211J, emphasizing rpaCt, ' meek ' ('2i^).
In Mt. there is a description of the commotion (iaelddri) in the whole city ; the question, ' Who is this ? ' ; the answer, ' This is the prophet Jesus, he who is from Nazareth of Galilee,' and the greeting, ' Hosanna to the Son of David.' Mk 1 1''" adds some vivid details. The colt, never before used (so Lk.), was tied ' at the door without in the open street ' {^irl rod aix<j>6Sov [not ' where two ways met,' bivium, Vulg.], .Just. Mart. Iv tivl eiadSif kuj^»)s (I.e.) ; &ii(poSa, at pv/iai. (Hesych.). The woven branches fo-Toi/SdSes) cut from the gardens (aypuf, v.l. for dhSpav) are difi'erent from the kXciSoi (olive branches in classical Greek) cut from the trees, in Mt 218. The cry of the people is ' Hosanna ; Blessed in the name of the Lord (ace. to Hebrew accents and idiom, e.c/. Dt 2P), Blessed be the kingdom that cometh, even that of our father David.' Mk. treats the visit as one of inspection. Jesus retires, ' having looked round on all things, for the hour was late,' whereas Mt. and Lk. give it as prelude to the cleansing of the Temple. Lk
-)20 EXTRY IXTO JERUSALEISI
ENTRY INTO JERUSALEM
jgcs-j5 gives .itklitional touches. Tliej' placed Jesus on the colt eVe/Si/Satraj' (fire/cde«7cu< of Mt 21' being doubtful) ; the exact place of the exhibition of popular enthusiasm is given, ' even now at the descent of the Mt. of Olives ' {iiS-q irpbs tJ koto- /3a<r6i), from whic-h, Dean Stanley states, the first view is caught of the south-eastern corner of the city as the road from Bethany begins to descend. The lament over tlie city, the retort to the Phari- sees' objection, ' If these should hold their peace,' etc., are peculiar to Luke. The song is, ' Peace in heaven and glory in the highest,' a seeming adapta- tion of the 'Hosanna,' etc., to suit Greek taste, perhaps through the influence of the angels' song (Lk 2'^). ^
Jn 12'-"" describes the scene from the stand- point of the people in the city who went out to meet Him (ci's iira.vTTi<TLi') : the blending of the two streams of people, the oi wpodyovrei, ' those going before ' of the Synoptics being those who had gone out to meet Him and had turned back when they met Him at the head of the procession, and thus preceded Him to the city ; tlie testimony of the people wlio were with Him to the new-comers that (reading Sn for Sre) He had summoned Lazarus from the tomb ; and the fact that the people from tlie city took branches of palm trees (to. /3aia tuv tpoivUijiv [from class, pah, ' palm-branch,' not from ^aiiSs, ' small ' ; note the three different words for ' branch,' xXaSot, (rTi/3as, and ^atov]. The prophecy is given in a shorter form. Jesus is hailed ' King of Israel,' and the Pharisees comment on their o«n powerlessness and His popularity (\'.'-').