4. Antiochus (V) Eup.vtor (Einrarwp, having a noble father) succeeded, in B.C. 104, while yet a child (of nine years, Appian, Syr. 00; or twelve years, ac- cording to Porphyr. in Euseb. Chron. Arm. i, 348), his father Antiochus Epiphanes, under the guardianship of Lysias (Appian, Syr. 40; 1 Mace, iii, 32 sq.), al- though Antiochus Epiph. on his deathbed had desig- nated Philip as regent and guardian (1 Mace, vi, 14 sq., 55 ; 2 Mace, ix, 29). Soon after his accession (B.C. 101) he set out with a large army for Judaja (1 Mace, vi, 20), where Lysias already was, but hard pressed by the Jews (1 Mace, iii, 30 sq. ; vi, 21 sq.). Respecting the route that he took and the issue of the engagement which he fought with Judas Maccabams, the accounts do not agree (1 Mace, vi, and 2 Mace, xiii ; comp. AVernsdorf, De fide Maccab. p. 117 ; Eichhorn, Apokr. p. 2G5 sq.) ; that victory, however, was not on the side of Judas, as one of these states (2 Mace, xiii, 29, 30),
Coin of Antiochus Eupator, with the Figure of Apollo,
appears evident from all the circumstances. The statement (1 Mace, vi, 47) that the Jews were com- pelled to retreat on account of the superiority of their enemies, is very probable, and corroborated by Jo- sephus ( War, i, 1, 5; comp. Ant. xii, 9, 5). Antio- chus repulsed Judas at Bethzacharia, and took Beth- sura (Bethzur) after a vigorous resistance (1 Mace, vi, 31-50). But when the Jewish force in the temple was on the point of yielding, Lysias persuaded the king to conclude a hasty peace that he might advance to meet Philip, who had returned from Persia and made him- self master of Antioch (1 Mace, vi, 51 sq. ; Joseph. Ant. xii, 9, 5 sq.). Philip was speedify overpowered (Joseph. 1, c.) ; but in the next year (B.C. 102) Anti- ochus and Lysias fell into the hands of Demetrius Soter, the son of Seleucus Philopator, who now appear- ed in Syria and laid claim to the throne. Antiochus was immediately put to death by him (together with Lysias) in revenge for the wrongs which he had him- self suffered from Antiochus Epiphanes (1 Mace, vii, 1 sq. ; 2 Mace, xiv, 1 sq. ; Appian, Syr. 46 ; Justin, xxxiv, 3), after a reign (according to Eusebius) of two (full) years (Polyb. xxxi, 19; Joseph. Ant. xii, 10, 1). "5. Antiochus (VI), surnamed Epiphanes Diony- sus ('E7T(9!>«j'>/c Awvvaoc, illustrious Bacchus, on coins, see Eckhel, I, iii, 231 sq. ; but Tiieos, Qtoc, god, by Josephus, Ant. xiii, 7, 1), son of Alexander (Balas) king of Syria ('AXtZcivc'poc 'AXi^avepov rov vut'ov, App. Syr. 68). After his father's death (B.C. 140) he remained in Arabia ; but, though still a child (iratSiov, App. 1. c. ; Traicapiov vitonpov, 1 Mace, xi, 54), he was soon afterward brought forward by Diodotus or Trypho (Strabo, xvi, 752), who had been one of his father's chief ministers at Antioch, as a claimant of the throne against Demetrius Nicator, and (through his generals) quickly obtained the succession by force of arms (1 Mace, xi, 39, 54), B.C. 145-144 (comp. Eckhel, Doctr. Num. I, iii, 231 ; Justin, xxxvi, 1 ; Appian, Syr. 08). Jonathan Maccabasus, who joined his cause, was laden with rich presents and instated in the high-priesthood, and his brother Simon was appointed commander of the royal troops in Palestine (1 Mace, xi, 57 sq.). Jonathan now reduced the whole land to subjection from Damascus to Antioch (1 Mace, xi, 02), defeated the troops of Demetrius (1 Mace, xi, 03 sq.), and even successfully repelled a fresh incursion of Demetrius into Palestine (1 Mace, xii, 24 sq.) ; but hardly was Antiochus established on the throne when Trypho be- gan to put into execution his long-cherished plan of seizing the royal power for himself (1 Mace, xii, 39).
Tetradrachm (Attic Talent) nf Antiochus Dionysus the Reverse bearing the Figure of the Dioscuri on horseback, with the le- gends (in Ureek), "Of King Antiochus Epiphanes Dionysus" and "Trvpho," and the date OHP (1<»9 Mr. Seleucid.).
ANTIOCIIUS
274
AXTIOCHUS
In order to this, Trypho first of all advised the young prince to get the powerful Jonathan out of the way, and having succeeded by stratagem in confining lain in prison, he soon after (B.C. 143) put him to death (1 Mace, xii, 40 sq.). He then returned to Syria, caused Antiochus to be murdered, and seized upon the crown (1 Mace, xiii, 31 sq. ; Joseph. Ant. xiii, 5, G; App. Syr. G8 ; Livy, Epit. 55 [where the decern annos admodum habeas is incorrect] ; Diod. ap. Miiller, Fragm. ii, 19 ; Just, xxxvi, 1). — Smith, s. v.
6. Antiochus (VII) Sidetes (2i^;)r;;c, from Sida in Pamphylia, where be was born, Euseb. Chron. Arm. i, 349, and not from his great love of hunting, Plutarch, Apojtitk. p. 34, ed. Lips., comp. T'X), called also Eu- sebes (Ei)<7£/3i'/c, pious, Josephus, Ant. xiii, 8, 2); on coins Evergetes (EvepyirrjQ, benefactor, see Eckhel, Doctr. Num. iii, 235), second son of Demetrius I. Af- ter his brother Demetrius (II) Nicator had been taken prisoner (B.C. cir. 141) by Mithridates I (Arsaces VI, 1 Mace, xiv, 1), king of Parthia, he married Deme- trius's sister (wife) Cleopatra, B.C. 140 (Justin, xxxvi, 1), recovered the dominion of Syria (B.C. 137, comp. Niebuhr, Kl. Schr. i, 251) from the atrocious Trypho (Strabo, xiv, 668), and ruled over it for nine years (1 Mace, xv, 1 sq.). At first he made a very advan- tageous treaty with Simon, who was now " high-priest and prince of the Jews," but when he grew independ- ent of his help, he withdrew the concessions which he had made, and demanded the surrender of the for- tresses which the Jews held, or an equivalent in money (1 Mace, xv, 26 sq. ; Josephus, Ant. xiii, 7, 3). As Simon was unwilling to yield to his demands, he sent a force under Cendebrcus against him, who occupied a fortified position at Cedron (? 1 Mace, xv, 41), near Azotus, and harassed the surrounding country. Af- ter the defeat of Cendebauis by the sons of Simon and the destruction of his works (1 Mace, xvi, 1-10), An- tiochus, who had returned from the pursuit of Trypho, undertook an expedition against Judaea in person. In the fourth year of his reium he besieged Jerusalem, and came near taking it by storm, but at length, probably through fear of the Romans, made peace on tolerable terms with John Hyrcanus (Josephus, Ant. xiii, 8, 3, 4 ; comp. Euseb. Chron. Arm. i, 349). Antiochus next turned his arms against the Parthians, and Hyrcanus accompanied him in the campaign ; but, after some successes, he was entirely defeated by Phraortes II (Arsaces VII), and fell in the battle (Josephus, Ant. xiii, 8, 4; Justin, xxxviii, 10; Diod. Sic. Exc. Vat. p. 117 sq.), B.C. cir. 127-12G (App. Syr. G8 ; comp. Niebuhr, A7. Schrift. i, 251 sq. ; Clinton, F. II. ii, 332 sq.). According to Athenasus (v, 210 ; x, 439 ; xii, 540), this king, like most of his predecessors, was in- ordinately given to the pleasures of the table (comp. Justin, xxxviii, 10). — Smith. See Cleopatra 3.