Antip'ater (Avrhrarpoe, instead of his father), the name of several men in the Apocrypha and Jose- phus.
1. The son of Jason, and one of the two ambassa- dors sent by the Jews in the time of the Maccabees to renew the league with the Romans and Lacedaemoni- ans (1 Mace, xii, 16 ; xiv, 22).
2. The father of Herod the Great (q. v.) was, ac- cording to Josephus {Ant. xiv, 1, 3 ; for other accounts of his parentage, see Nicolas of Damascus, ap. Joseph. in loc. ; Africanus, ap. Eusebius, Hist. Eccles. i, 6, 7 ; Photius, B'xbl. 76 and 238), the son of a noble Idumse- an, to whom the government of that district had been given by Alexander Jannaeus (q. v.) and his queen Alexandra, and at their court the young Antipater was brought up. In B.C. 65 he persuaded Hyrcanus to take refuge from his brother Aristobulus II with Are- tes, king of Arabia Petraja, by whom, accordingly, an unsuccessful attempt was made' to replace Hyrcanus on the throne (Joseph. Ant. xiv, 2 ; War, i, 6, 2). In B.C. 61 Antipater again supported the cause of Hyr- canus before Pompey in (.'ale-Syria {Ant. xiv, 3, 2). In the ensuing year Jerusalem was taken by Pompey and Aristobulus deposed ; and henceforth we find Antipater both zealously adhering to Hyrcanus and laboring to ingratiate himself with the Romans. His services to the latter, especially against Alexander, the son of Aristobulus, and in Egypt against Archelaus (B.C. 57 and 56), were favorably regarded by Scaurus and Gabinius, the lieutenants of Pompey; his active zeal against Mithridates of Pergamus in the Alexan- drian war (B.C. 48) was rewarded by Julius Caesar with the gift of Unman citizenship; and, on Caesar's coming into Syria (B.C. 47), Hyrcanus was confirmed by him i:i the high-priesthood through Antipater's in- fluence, notv ithstanding the complaints of Antigonns, BOD Of Aristobulus, while Antipater himself was ap- pointed proenrator of Judaea (Josephus, Ant. xiv, 5, 1 and 2 • 6, 2 I and 8 ; War, i, 8, 1 and 7 ; 9, 3-5). Af- ter i '.'• arhad left Syria to go against Pharnaces, Anti- pater set about arranging the country under the exist- ing government, and appointed his sons Phaeaelus and
Herod governors respectively of Jerusalem and Gali- lee (Joseph. Ant. xiv, 9, 1 and 2 ; War, i, 10, 4). In B.C. 46 he dissuaded Herod from attacking Hyrcanus, and in B.C. 43 (after Caesar's death) he regulated the tax imposed by Cassius upon Judasa for the support of the Roman troops {Ant. xiv, 9, 5 ; 11, 2 ; War, i, 10, 9 ; 11, 2). During the last-mentioned year he was carried off by poison which Malichus, whose life he had twice saved, bribed the cup-bearer of Hyrcanus to ad- minister to him {Ant. xiv, 11, 2-4; War, i, 11, 2-4).
3. The eldest son of Herod the Great (q. v.) by his first wife, Doris (Josephus, Ant. xiv, 12, 1). Jose- phus describes him as a monster of crafty wickedness {icaiciac. fivdTt)oiov, War, i, 24, 1). Herod, having divorced Doris and married Mariamne, B.C. 38, ban- ished Antipater from court {War, i, 22, 1), but re- called him afterward, in the hope of checking the sup- posed resentment of Alexander and Aristobulus for their mother Mariamne' s death. Antipater now in- trigued to bring these his half-brothers under the sus- picion of their father, and with such success that Herod altered his intentions in their behalf, recalled Doris to court, and sent Antipater to Rome, recom- mended to Augustus {Ant. xvi, 3 ; War, i, 23, 2). He still continued his machinations against his broth- ers, in concert with Salome and Pheroras, and aided by a certain Spartan Eurycles (comp. Plut. Ant. p. 9476), till he succeeded in accomplishing their death, B.C. 6 (Josephus, Ant. xvi, 4, 11; War, i, 23-27). See Alexander. Having thus removed his rivals, and been declared successor to the throne, he entered into a plot with his uncle Pheroras against the life of his father; but this being discovered during his ab- sence to Rome, whither he had gone to carry out a part of the scheme, he was remanded to Judaea by his father, and then tried before Varus, the Roman gov- ernor of Syria. The sentence against him being con- firmed by Augustus, although with a recommendation of mere}-, he was executed in prison by the order of his father, now himself in his last illness (Josephus, Ant. xvii, 1-7 ; War, i, 28-33 ; Eusebius, Hist. Eccl. i, 8, 12).
4. The oldest of the three sons of Phasaelus by Salampsio, the daughter of Herod the Great (Jose- phus, Ant. xviii, 5, 4). See Herod.
5. The son of Salome, Herod's sister; he married his cousin Cypros, by whom he had a daughter Cy- pres (Joseph. Ant. xviii, 5, 4). He was an able orator, and in an extended speech opposed the confirmation of Archelaus (q. v.) in his royal legacy before the Emperor Augustus {Ant. xvii, 9, 5). See Herod.
6. A Samaritan, steward of Antipater the son of Herod the Great, who tortured him in order to pro- cure evidence against his master (Josephus, War, i, 30, 5). See No. 3.
Antip'atris {'Avriirarpis, from Antipater; in the Talmud DlBS'iaSX, see Lightfoot, Hor. Heb. p. 109 sq.), a city built by Herod the Great, in honor of his father (Josephus, Ant. xvi, 5, 2; War, i, 21, 9), on the site of a former place called Capharsaba (XajSap- %a(3a <>r Kcityapvafia, Josephus, Ant. xiii, 15, 1; xvi, 5, 2). The spot (according to Ptolemy, lat. 32°, long. 66° 20') was Avell watered and fertile ; a stream Sowed round the city, and in its neighborhood were groves of large trees (Josephus, Ant. xvi, 5, 2; War, i, 21, 9). Caphar-saba was 120 stadia from Joppa; and between the two places Alexander Balas drew a trench, with a wall and wooden towers, as a defence against the approach of Antiochus (Josephus, Ant. xiii, 15, 1; War, i, 4, 7). Antipatris also lay between Caesarea and Lydda (Itin. Hieros. p. 600). It was not exactly on the sea (Schleusner, Lex. s. v.), but full two miles inland (Josephus, War, iv, 8, 1) on the road leading to Galilee (Mishna, Gattin, vii, 7; comp. Eeland, Palcest. p. 409, 117, 111). These cir- cumstances indicate that Antipatris was in the midst