12. Antiochus VI, Dionysus (a minor), son of the preceding. He was murdered by the usurper Trypho, who contested the kingdom till 137.
13. Demetrius II, Nicator, son of Demetrius Soter, reigned 140- 141, when he was captured bv the Parthians.
14. Antiochus VII, Sidctes, his brother, 141-128.
15. Demetrius II, Nicator, a second time, after his release from Parthia, 128-125.
10. Seleucus V, his son, assassinated immediately by his moth- er, 125.
17. Antiochus YHI, Grypus, his brother, shared his kingdom with the following, 125-90.
IS. Antiochus IX, Cyzicenus, his half-brother, 111-f 5.
19. Seleucus VI, Epiphanes, eldest son of Antiochus Grypus, kills Antiochus Cyzicenus, 90-!5.
20. Antiochus X, Eusebes, son of Antiochus Cyzicenus, asserts his claims to bis father's .-hare of the dominions, kills Seleucus Epiphanes, and prevails over the successors of the latter, but gives way to Tigranes, 95-83.
21. Philip, second son of Antiochus ( irypus, succeeds to the claims of his brother Seleucus against Antiochus Eusebes, until the accession of Tigranes, cir. 94-83.
22. Antiochus XI, Epiphanes II, his brother, associated with him in the contest in which he lost his life, cir. 94.
23. Demetrius III, Euca>rus, his brother, likewise associated with Philip till their- rupture, when he was taken prison- er by the Parthians, 94-SS.
24. Antiochus XII, Dionysius II, his brother, whose cause he took up against 1 hilip, till slain by the Arabians, cir. 88-86.
25. Tigranes, king of A menia, invited to the throne by the Syrians over all the rival claimants, and held it till his overthrow by the Eoman general Eucullus, 83-09.
26. Antiochus XIII, Asiaticus, son of Antiochus Eusebes, allow- ed by Lucullus to hold the throne of the Seleucida? till its entire abolition by Pompey, 09-05.
The following (Nos. 3, 6, 8, 9, 12, 14, 17, 18, 20, 22, 24, of the above) are the only ones of the name of Antiochus that are important in sacred literature. (See Erohlieh, Annates Syria; ; Vaillant, Sekucidar. Imp.)
1. Antiochus (II) Theos (Gtug, god, so surnamed "in the first instance by the Milesians, because he overthrew their tyrant Timarchus," Appian, Syr. C5), the son r.nd successor of Antiochus (I) Soter as king of Syria, B.C. 261. He carried on for several years the war inherited from his father with the Egyptian king, Ptolemy (II) Philadelphus, who subdued most of the districts of Asia Minor, but at length (B.C. 250), in order to secure peace, he married Ptolemy's daugh- ter (Berenice) in place of his wife Laodice, and ap- pointed the succession in the line of his issue by her (Polyb. ap. Athen. ii, 45) ; yet, on the death of Ptolemy two years afterward, Antiochus recalled his former wife Laodice, and Berenice and her son were soon af- ter put to death at Daphne. Antiochus himself died, B.C. 246, in the 40th year of his age (Porphyry, in Euseb. Chron. Ann. i, 345),' of poison administered by his wife, who could not forget her former divorce (Justin, xxvii, 1 ; Appian, Syr. 65 ; Val. Max. ix, 14, 1).
Coin of Antiochus Theos, with the Figure of Hercules.
The above alliance of Antiochus with Ptolemy, by the marriage of Berenice to the former, is prophetical-
ANTIOCIIUS
271
ANTIOCIIUS
ly referred to in Dan. xi, G, as " the joining of them- selves together" by "the king of the south and the king of the north," through '"the king's daughter;" and its failure is there distinctly characterized, through the triumph of Laodice over "him that strengthened her," i. e. her husband Antiochus (see Jerome, Com- ment, in loc). After the death of Antiochus, Ptolemy Evergetes, the brother of Berenice ("out of a branch of her root"), who succeeded his father Ptol. Phila- delphia, exacted vengeance for his sister's death by an invasion of Syria, in which Laodice was killed, her son Seleucus Callinicus driven for a time from the throne, and the whole country plundered (Dan. xi, 7-9; hence his surname " the benefactor''}. The hos- tilities thus renewed continued for many years ; and on the death of Seleucus, B.C. 226, after his "return into his own land" (Dan. xi, 9), his sons Alexander (Seleucus) Ceraunos and Antiochus "assembled a great multitude of forces" against Ptol. Philopator, the son of Evergetes, and " one of them" (Antiochus) threatened to overthrow the power of Egypt (Dan. xi, 10).— Smith, s. v.
2. Antiochus (III) the Great. Seleucid king of Syria, son of Seleucus Callinicus, brother and succes- sor of Seleucus (II) Ceraunus, B.C. 223 (Polyb. iv, 40 ; comp. Euseb. Chron. A rm. i, 347 ; ii, 235 ; see Giischen, in the Theol. Stud. u. Krit. 1831, iv, 713). In a war with the weak king of Egypt, Ptolemy Philo- pator, in order to regain Coele-Syria and Phoenicia, he twice (comp. Polyb. v, 49) penetrated as far as Dura (two miles north of Cassarea), but on the second occa- sion he concluded a four-months' truce with his adver- sary, and led his army back to the Orontes (Polyb. v, GO ; Justin, xxx, 1, 2 ; Athen. xiii. 577 ; comp. Dan. si, 10). On the breaking out of hostilities again, he drove the Egyptian land-force as far as Zidon, deso- lated Gilead and Samaria, and took up his winter- quarters at Ptolemais (Polyb. v, 63-71). In the be- ginning of the following year (B.C. 217). however, he was defeated by the Egyptians (Polyb. v, 79, 80. 82- 86 ; Strabo, xvi, 759 ; comp. Dan. xi, 11) at Raphia (near Gaza), with an immense loss, and compelled to retreat to Antioch, leaving Ccele-Syria, Phoenicia, and Palestine to the Egyptians. Thirteen [14} years af-