Some species of baboon may be denoted by the term Q^I'rN shedim', or daemons ("devils") in Deut. xxxii, 17 ; Psa. cvi, 37 ; and perhaps by the CH"1"'^, sc:irim' ', or hairy ones (goats, "satyrs") of the desert (Isa. xiii, 21; xxxiv, 14), since these animals (see Rich's Bab- ylon, p. 30) are still found in the ruins of the Meso- potamian plains, under the name i-'eir Assad (see gen- erally Bochart, Hieroz. ii, £98 sq.). It is some con- firmation of this last interpretation that the Egyptians are said to have worshipped apes, and they are still adored in many places in India. See Satyr.
Apel, John, a German theologian of the ICth cen- tury, was born at Nuremberg in 1486. After having studied theology at the university of Wittenberg, he became canon at Wurzburg, where he married a nun, in consequence of which he was expelled. He was one of the most zealous adherents of Luther, and ea- gerly labored for the spreading of the Reformation. He died in 1540 at Nuremberg, where he had been, during the last years of his life, jurist of the republic and councillor of the elector of Brandenburg. He wrote, among other works, Def<nsio pro suo covjvgio nun prcefat, Lutheri (Wittenb. 1523, 4to) ; Brachylogus juris riri/is, sire corpus leffum: a work long ascribed to the Emperor Justinian. — Hoefer, Biog. Gbiirale, ii, 875.
Apelleans, followers of Apeeles, q. v.
Apel'les ( ' A TTfXX »)(.', from the Lat. appello, to call), a Christian at Pome, whom Paul salutes in his epistle to the church there (Rom. xvi, 10), and calls "ap- proved in Christ," i. e. an approved Christian, A.D. 55. Origen doubts whether he ma}' not have been the same person with A polios ; but this is far from
APELLES
287
APHEK
likely. See Apollos. According to the old Church traditions, Apelles was one of the seventy disciples, and bishop either of Smyrna or Heraclcia (Epiph. Cont. Hceres. p. 20 ; Fabricii Lux Evangelii, p. 115, 116, etc.). The Greeks observe his festival on Oct. 31. The name itself is notable from Horace's " Credat Ju- dxus Apella, non ego" {Sat. i, 5), by which he less probably means a superstitious Jew in general, as many think, than a particular Jew of that name well known at Rome. — Kitto, s. v.
Apelles, surnamed, from his length of life, Senex, a heretic, and disciple of Marcion, who, having been falsely charged with the seduction of a young girl of Alexandria named Philumene, set up a school of his own, and became a critic of his former master. He taught that the Lord, when descending from heaven, formed to himself a body of particles of air, which he allowed to resolve itself into air again as he ascended. He taught that there was one God, the Creator of all things, who, when he had created the bad angels, in- trusted to one of them the formation of the world. He denied the resurrection of the flesh, and repudiated the law and the prophets. — Cave, Hist. Lit. anno 188 ; Eusebius, Hist. Eccl. v, 13 ; Mosheim, Comm. i, 487, 488; Lardner, Works, viii, 530 sq. ; Landon, s. v.
Aphaca (ra "A<j>aKa, according to the ancients, from the Heb. pEN, aphak' , to embrace, with refer- ence to the loves of Venus and Adonis, Etymol. Mag. s. v. ; see Movers, Phon. i, 102), a town of Ccele-Syria, midway between Heliopolis and Byblus (Zosim. Hist. i, 58), a position, as Reland thinks (Palest, p. 315), not inconsistent with the other notices of the place as being situated on Lebanon. It was notorious for its temple of Venus, where all the abominations of an impure idolatry were practised to such a degree that Constantine destroyed it (Euseb. Vit. Const, iii, 55 ; Sozomen, Hist. Eccl. i, 5). Near it was a lake cele- brated for certain marvellous properties (Seneca, Quest. Nat. iii, 25). It has been regarded as identi- cal with the Apheic (q. v.) of Josh, xix, 30, and the Aphik of Judg. i, 31. Seetzen first observed the prob- able coincidence of Aphaca with the present Afka, a village of the region indicated, and containing ruins (Reisen, i, 245\ which have since been described by Thomson (in the Bibliotheea Sacra, 1838, p. 5). The lake has been identified with that now called Lhnun, three hours distant (Burckhardt, Travels, p. 25), but Robinson thinks it is rather the neighboring spring (new ed. of Researches, iii, 007).
Aphaer'enia CA(paipif.ia in the Apocrypha) or Apherima ('Afeptipa in Josephusl, one of the three " governments" (I'o/ioi'o) added to Judaea from Sama- ria (and Galilee, 1 Mace, x, 30) by Demetrius Soter, and confirmed by Nicanor (1 Mace, xi, 34 ; comp. Jo- seph. Ant. xiii, 4, 0; and see Reland, Palest, p. 178). It is probably the same as the Ephkaim of the New Test. (John xi, 54) and the Ophraii (q. v.) of the Old.
Aphar 'sacliites (Chald. Apharsekaye' , X"< = &n E N ; Sept. ' \(par>Ta\cuoi, Ezra v, G ; vi, 0) or Aphar'sath- chites (Chald. Apharsathknye ', X'crO-EN; Sept. 'A(pap(7a9a\a~ioi, Ezra iv, 9), the name of the nation (or one of the nations) to which belonged one portion of the colonists whom the Assyrian king planted in Samaria, in place of the expatriated northern tribes, and who violently opposed the Jews in rebuilding Jerusalem. Schulthess (Parad. p. 3G2) identifies the " Apharsachites" with the Persian, or rather Median Parataceni of Greek geography (Strabo xi, 522; xv. 732 ; Herod, i, 101 ; Plin. xvi, 29), the A being pros- thetic (as in Strabo, xv, 7G4, Mardi and Amardi are interchanged). They, together with the Aphar sites (q. v.), for whose name this would seem only another form, appear to have been some foreign tribe of East- ern Asia, conquered by the Assyrians, and removed (according to well-known usage, see 2 Kings xviii, 32