Medal of Apamea Cibotus.
ed. Still, as they are from different dies, yet all re- ferring to Apamea, it seems that their authors had a knowledge of the tradition of commemoration respect- ing the ark preserved in this city. See Ark. Many more such commemorations of an event so greatly affecting mankind were no doubt maintained for man}' ages, though we are now under great difficulties in tracing them. In fact, many cities boasted of these memorials, and referred to them as proofs of their an- tiquity. See Ararat.
Apathy (c'nrdSua, want of feeling) or affeciuum vacuitas, a term formerly used to denote the entire ex- tinction of the vicious passions, so that not the small- est movement of them is felt. It implies the utter rooting out of concupiscence, and the annihilation of all sin within. This was a favorite doctrine with the Stoics ; and some of the fathers, as St. Clement of Al- exandria, St. Macarius, and others, have used expres- sions which, at first sight, seem to imply that fluy had themselves attained to this state ; but, in fact, they mean only that a perfect Christian keeps all his pas- sions and desires in perfect subjection, so that the}' have not in any degree the mastery over him. The
APE
286
APELLES
doctrine of apathy, in its strictest sense, is at variance with Holy Scripture and experience. The term apa- thy is also used in a limited sense, to signify a con- tempt for worldly things.— Landon, Eccl. Diet. s. v.
Ape C;"ip, kopK), an animal of the monkey tribe mentioned in 1 Kings x, 22, and in the parallel pas- sage in 2 Chron. ix, 21, among the merchandise brought by the Meets of Solomon and Hiram once in every three years. The Sept. renders the word by 7rii)i]Kor, which is equivalent to the Latin simia. The Greeks have the word Ktjfioe,, or kijitoc, for a long- tailed species of monkey (Aristot. Hist. Anim. ii, 8, 9), and Pliny (viii, 19, 28) uses cephus. Both Greeks and Hebrews received the word, with the animal, from India, for the ape, both in Sansc. and Malabar, is called kapi—svift, active. Hence also the Ger- man aff'e, the Anglo-Saxon apa, and the English ape. The name, under these modifications, designates the Simiadse, including, no doubt, species of Cercopithecus, Macacus, and Cynocephalus, or Guenons, apes and baboons ; that is, all the animals of the quadrumanous order known to the Hebrews, Arabs, Egyptians, and the classical writers. Accordingly, we find Pliny and Solinus speaking of Ethiopian Cephi exhibited at Rome ; and in the upper part of the celebrated Prse- nestine mosaic representing the inundation of the Nile (see Shaw's Travels, p. 42:5, 2d ed. 4to) figures of Simia- das occur in the region which indicates Nubia ; among others, one in a tree, with the name KHinEN beside
KHinEH
Monkey. From the Pramestine Mosaic.
it, which may be taken for a Cercopithecus of the Guenon group. But in the triumphal procession of Thothmcs III at Thebes nations from the interior of Africa, probably from Nubia, bear curiosities and trib- utes, among which the camelopardalis or giraffe and six quadrumana may be observed. The Cephs of
Baboons. From I he I'.iryptian Monuments.
Ethiopia are described and figured in Ludolfi Historic JEthiopica, i, 10, § 52 64. They are represented as tailless animals, climbing rocks, eating worms and ants, and protecting themselves from the attack of lions by casting sand into their eyes. Apes also occur in the lately discovered Assyrian sculptures, both in bass-reliefs on slabs (Layard. Ninevth, i, 118), and of various species on an obelisk at Nimroud (ib. ii, 330). The Koph of Scripture, named only twice (1 Kings x, 22; 2 Chron. ix, 21), is in both cases associated with D^sin, toldyim, rendered "peacocks." The fleet of Solomon is said to have brought these two kinds of ani-
mals from Ophir. Now nei- ther peacocks nor pheasants are indigenous in Africa ; thejr belong to India and the mountains of high Asia, and therefore the version "pea- cocks," if correct, would de- cide, without doubt, not only that koph denotes none of the Simiadie above noticed, but also that the fleet of Tarshish visited India or the Austral- asian islands. For these rea- sons we conclude that the Hebrew koph, and names of same root, were, by the na- tions in question, used ge- nerically in some instances and specifically in others, though the species were not thereby defined, nor on that Monkeys as Tribute. From account identical. For the the Assyrian Monuments. natural history of the ape
family, see the Penny Cyclopaedia, s. v. For some at- tempts to identify the various kinds of quadrumana which were known to the ancients, see Lichtenstein's Commentath philologica cle Simiarum quotquot veteribus innotuerunt Jbrmis (Hamb. 1791), and Tyson's Homo sylvestiis, or the Anatomy of a Pigmie (Lond. 1G99), to which he has added a philosophical essay concerning the Cynocephali, the. Satyrs, and Sphinges of the an- cients. Aristotle (De Anim. Hist, ii, 5, ed. Schneider) appears to divide the quadrumana order of mammalia into three tribes, v hich he characterizes by the names tt'iQi)koi, K'i)f3ot, and KvvoK(fa\ot. The ancients were acquainted with several kinds of tailed and tailless apes (Plin. Hist. Nat. viii, 80; xi, 100; ^Elian, A.nirn. xvii, 25), and obtained them from Ethiopia (Plin. ut sup.) and India (Ctes. in Phot. Cod. lxxii, p. 66 ; Ar- rian, Ind. 15; /Elian, Anim. xvii, 25, 39; Philostr. ApoU. iii, 4), but in Mauritania they were domesti- cated (Strabo, xvii, 827), as now in Arabia Felix ^Nie- buhr, Bed. p. 167).