2. The mantle or robe, a comprehensive term that appears to include several Heb. words, signifying not
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only a long flowing outer garment, but sometimes also a wide under-garment or double tunic. See Kobe. It sometimes approaches the signification of "veil" (see below), as this was often like a modern cloak, or at least shawl. Wide flowing mantles were a fashion introduced by the ancients from the Babylonians, Medes, and Persians (Herod, i, 195 ; Strabo, xi, 526). Such are doubtless referred to in Dan. iii, 21 ; it only remains uncertain which of the Chaldee terms there employed (J0313, karbela ', Auth. Vers. " hat," or 5<b2"i&, sarbela , "coat") has this signification. 'Ge- senius {Thes. Heb. in verb.) renders both pallium, or cloak, against the improbability that in a single verse two kinds of mantle would be named. Others, as Lengerke, understand the second word to mean stock- ings, which would yield a good sense, and one agree- able to etymology, could we be sure that hosiery was employed by the ancient Babylonians. The word ^■^.Q, pethigil' (Isa. iii, 24, Auth. Vers, "stomach- er"), which some regard as a cloak, is probably a fes- tive garment or finery (see Gesenius, Thes. Ihb. p. 1137). Ewald separates the word thus: V^\ "rE, breadth of mantle (comp. Syr. NP&la). In the N. T. the mantle is denoted by oroXi], a robe, such as the scribes wore (Mark xii, 38), a long garment like a gown, reaching to the feet. For the xXapvc, and <pc.(-
X6vt]Q, see Apparel Winer, ii, 54.
3. The girdle, in Heb. "TUn, chagor' , or iTniatt, chagorah' (the usual name both for male and female girdles, Isa. iii, 24 ; whether the same article of ap- parel is designated by d^tSS, genazim' ' , " chests," in Ezek. xxvii, 24, as supposed by Hartmann, is doubt- ful), Gr. Z,mvt], one of the most distinguished articles of attire among the Hebrews and Orientals generally (comp. Ezek. xxiii, 15 ; Dan. x, 5), except the Phoe- nicians (Auson. Paneg. Grat. 14; Tertull. Pall, i; Plaut. Pan. v, 2, 15; see Crcdner, Joel, p. 140 sq.), being a belt by which the under-garment (tunic) was gathered at the waist, and thus prevented from float- ing, as well as hindering the person in walking (1 Kings xviii, 46 ; 2 Kings iv, 29 ; ix, 1) or in any other bod- ily motion (sometimes dancing, 2 Sam. vi, 14). Hence girdles were often bestowed as presents (2 Sam. xviii, 11 ; 1 Mace, x, 87), and were an article of fancy goods (Prov. xxxi, 24). The poor and ascetic classes wore girdles of leather (2 Kings i, 8 ; Matt, iii, 4 ; Mark i, 6, as they still do in the East, of half a foot in width), the rich of linen (Jer. xiii, 1 ; comp. Arvieux, iii, 247) or byssus (Ezek. xvi, 10 ; the moderns even of silk, of some four fingers' breadth, Mariti, p. 214 ; Char- din, iii, 68), ornamented (Dan. x, 5 ; 1 Mace, x, 89 ; xi, 58; xiv, 44; Curt, iii, 3, 18; comp. Arvieux, iii, 241 ; a Persian fashion, Xenoph. Anab. i, 4, 9 ; comp. Brisson, Regn. Pcrs. p. 109 sq.) in a costly manner (with gold, jewels, etc.) ; this last description was es- pecially valued in female girdles, which, being an in- dispensable part of household manufacture (Prov. xxxi, 17), was probably the chief article of feminine luxury (Isa. iii, 20, 24 ; comp. Iliad, xiv, 181 ; Odyss. v, 231; Hartmann, Hebrderin. ii, 299 sq.). The men wore girdles about the loins (1 Kings ii, 5; xviii, 40 ; 2 Kinsjcs iv, 29 ; Jer. xiii, 11 ; Rev. i, 13 ; xv, 0, etc.), but the priests somewhat higher around the breast (Josephus, Ant. iii, 7, 2); the women, as still in the East, wore the girdle lower and looser (Niebuhr, Pels. ii, 184, pi. 27; 236, pi. 04; comp. Odyss. iii, 154). The sacerdotal girdle is called I332N, abnet' , and was tied up in front, so that the two ends hung down to the feet ; female girdles were called b^lBp, kishshu- rvrnf (Isa. iii, 20; Jer. ii, 32); while men's girdles were generally called "mi*, ezor'. Anciently, as still, persons wore in the girdle the sword (dagger, 2 Sam. xx, 8 ; xxv, 13 ; Judg. iii, 10 ; Curt, iii, 3, 18 ; comp. Arvieux, iii, 241 ; hence a secure girdle was an essen-
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tial part of a good equipment of the -warrior, 1 Kings ii, ."> : [sa. v. 27 ; and the phrase " to gird one's self" is tantamount to arming for battle, Isa. viii, 9 ; Psa. lxxvi, 11; 1 Mace, iii, 58; comp. Herod, viii, 120; Plutarch, Coriol. 9) and the inkstand (Ezek. ix, 2; comp. Shaw, p. 199; Schulz, Leit. v, 390); it also served as a purse (Matt, x, 9 ; Mark vi, 8 ; comp. 2 Sam. xviii, 11; Jamblich. Vit. Pythag. 27, p. 121; I.iv. xxxiii. 29; Suet. Vit. 16; Plaut. Pan. v, 2, 48 sq.; Juven. xiv, 297; Cell, xv, 12, 4; Niebuhr,
Beschr. p. 64 ; Shaw, p. 199 ; see Rost, De vet. zona pecuniaria, Jen. 1681). The passing over one's gir- dle to another is among friends a mark of great confi- dence and intimate relation (1 Sam. xviii, 4 ; see Ro- senmiiller, Morgenl. iii, 103) ; when it occurs between (high) functionaries it is a symbol of installation into honor (Isa. xxii, 21 ; on Isa. iii, 24, see Gesenius, in loc. ; and in general see Credner, Joel, p. 142 sq.). — Winer, i, 448. See Girdle.