7. The armlet, or band for the wrist (I^EX, tsamid', or n*!*1"^, tsamidah'}, was a very favorite ornament, not only of all ancient nations (Plin. xxxiii, 10, 12; xii, 42 ; vii, 29 ; Liv. x, 44 ; Suet. Ner. 30), but espe- cially of Orientals (so much so that gold and silver ones are forbidden in the Koran, xviii, 30; xxxv, 30; lxxvi, 21 ; on the forms of ancient Egyptian ones, see Wilkinson, iii, 374), being worn by men as well as women (Xenoph. Cyrop. i, 3, 2 ; Anab. i, 5, 8; Curt, viii, 9, 21; Petron. Sat. 32; comp. Bartholin, De ar- millis vet. Amst. 1676; Schroder, De Vestit. mul. p. 56 sq.). Among the Hebrew females it was general from the earliest times (Gen. xxiv, 22, 30, 47 ; comp. Isa. iii, 19; Ezek. xvi, 11 ; xxiii,42; Jud. x, 14), but among the men those of rank only appear to have worn it (2 Sam. i, 10; comp. Num. xxxi, 50; see Harmer, ii, 126 sq. ; Ker Porter, ii, pi. 60). They consisted either of rings (of ivory, precious metals, etc. ; among the poor probably likewise of horn, as in modern times, Harmer, iii, 3C8) or of cords and chains, T'~'£, she- roth' (Isa. iii, 19). They were worn on both arms or (more usually) on one arm (the right? Sirach, xxi, 23), and partly covered the wrist (Xenoph. Cyrop. vi, 4, 2); but (in Persia) they are often so broad as to reach to the elbows (com]). Niebuhr, Reisen, i, 164; Hartmann, IUbr. ii, 178 sq. ; Buckingham, Mesopot. p. 433). See Bracelet. Like the ear-rings, the arm- lets also generally served as amulets (Plin. xxviii, 47). —Winer, i, 88. See Talisman.
8. The anklet (&35, e'hes; comp. Tipiufvoiov. He- rod, iv, 1(1^, periscelis; also ir'iStj, Lucian, Lexiphan. 9), of metal, born, ivory, etc., was in ancient times, as still by Eastern ladies, extensively worn about the feet (Isa. iii, 18; see Michaelis, in Pott's Sylhge, ii, '.):); Niebuhr, Reisen, i, 161; Russell, Aleppo, ii, 130; Harmer, ii, 400 sq. ; Euppel, Abyss, i, 201; ii, 179; com].. Longi Pastor, i, 2; Aristamct. Kp. i, 19'. being indeed an Oriental fashion (Horace, Ep. i, 17, 56 ; Plin.
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533
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xxxiii, 54 ; comp. Jud. x, 4). They are generally so arranged that in walking a clapping or clinking is heard (Isa. iii, 16; comp. Koran, xxiv, 32; Tertull. Cult. fin. 7; Dougtaei Analect. i, 243; Arvieux, iii, 251; Shaw, p. 211), of which the wearer is greatly proud (comp. Eosenmuller, Morgenl. iv, 212), especial- ly among coquettish females (comp. Aristsenet. Ep. i, 4; Dougtsei Analect. i, 248). Sometimes small chains (m'nr^, tsearoth' ', Isa. iii, 20; Talm. D^SS, keba- Um") were fastened from one foot to the other, proba- bly in order to secure a short genteel step (Harmer, iii, 408 ; Itiippel, Abyss, ii, 53 ; comp. Clem. Alex. Pcedag. ii, 89; and the Gemara, in Shabb. vi, 4); ac- cording to the rabbins (see Surcnhusius's Mischna, ii, 25), perhaps to prove their maidenly innocence (Mi- chaelis, Mos. Recht. ii, 156 sq.). (See generally Schro- der, De Vestit. mul. c. i, § 3 ; Bynarns, De calceis Hebr. i, 8 ; Hartmann, Hebrderin. ii, 183 sq. ; iii, 217 sq. ; [P. Lyser] C. G. Blumberg, De d^03?, Lips. 1683 ; also in Hasan et Ikenii Nov. thes. i, 853 sq. ; also in Ugo- lini Thesaur. xxix). — Winer, i, 381. See Anklet.
9. The necklace, TW, rabid'', a still very favorite ornament in the East (Prov. i, 9; iii, 3; xxv, 12; Ezek. xvi, 11 ; Hos. ii, 13), which not only women (Cant, iv, 9 ; Xenoph. Cyrop. viii, 5, 18), but also (em- inent) men, even warriors, perhaps the last, however, among the Medes and Persians (Xenoph. Cyrop. i, 3, 2; ii, 4, 6; A nab. i, 5, 8; 8, 29; Curt, iii, 3, 13; Phi- Iostr. Apoll. ii, 1; Strabo, iv, 197; comp. Odyss. xv, 460 ; Adams, Rom. Antiq. ii, 198), as among the Belgic Gauls (Strabo, iv, 197), for we find no trace of this as an article of male attire among the Israelites (see SchefTer, De torquibus, Holm. 1658; c. notis a J. Nic- olai, Hamb. 1707). Necklaces were made sometimes of metal, at others of stones or pearls, which were strung upon a cord (D^Tlin, charuzim', Cant, i, 10; comp. Frahn, ad Ibn Foszlan. Petropol. 1823, p. 86 sq. ; the 0"1"nn, torim', Cant, i, 10, are probably not a neck- lace [Vulg. muranulce], but an ornament for the head, most likely strings of pearls entwisted in the hair or attached to the head-dress [q. v.] and flowing down, see Michaelis, in loc), and hung down to the breast, or even as far as the girdle (Jerome ad Ezech. xvii, 11 ; Arvieux, iii, 253). Persons of rank perhaps wore sev- eral such. Other articles of finery were also at times attached to them, such as (1.) d^3"lilJB, sahnronim' ', ha-'f-moons or crescents, Isa. iii, 18 (Sept. pipnoicoi ; comp. lunula, Plaut. lipid, v, i, 34 ; see Tertull. Cidt. fern, ii, 10; called in Arabic ahalat); comp. Judg. viii, 21 (where similar trinkets appear as ornaments for camels' necks); (2.) Smelling-bottles, "CJS.3 "'OS, bottey' ne'phesh (lit. houses of the soul), Isa. iii, 20 (comp. Le Bruyn, Voyage, i, 217 ; Chardin, iii, 72) ; (3.) perhaps little stellated studs, d^CTd-:;, shebisim/, Isa. iii. 18 ; and (4.) serpents, d^lUtT?, lechashim' ', Isa. iii, 20, probably as amulets (q. v.) ; but see Gesenius, Comm. ::. Jesa. i, 209, 211. Ladies may also have worn rings (collars) of metal around the neck (see Nie- buhr, Reisen, i, 164; comp. Virg. .En. v, 559). Among the Persians kings used to invest men with a neck- lace (7t",?'pn, hamnik' ', which, however, may mean armlet) as a mark of favor (Dan. v, 7 ; xvi, 29 ; comp. Xenoph. Anab. i, 2, 27; Cyrop. viii, 5, 18); and it ap- pears that a higher rank was associated with this dis- tinction (Dan. v, 7). In Egypt the prime minister of state was adorned with a (state) necklace (Gen. xli, 42) ; the chief-justice also wore a golden chain, with the symbol of truth attached (Diod. Sic. i, 48 ; comp. Hengstenberg, Moses, p. 29 sq.). (See generally Schroder, Vestit. mulier. p. 130 sq. ; Hartmann, Heb- raerin. ii, 172 sq., 259 sq. ; iii, 208, 267 sq.)— Winer, i, 450. See Necklace.