age of seventeen he went to the Unirenity of Utrecht, where he was placed under the tuition of the distin- guished professors De Vries and Greyius. In 1691, when Principal Carstairs was sent to Holland in quest of a gentleman to fill a professor's chair in the Uni- versity of Edinburgh, he applied to Calamy, and press- ed him to accept the situation; but he declined the honor, though soon afterward he returned to England, for the purpose of pursuing his studies in the Bodleian Library. In 1700 he began to preach among the Non- conformists, and in 1703 he took charge of a congrega- tion in Westminster, which he held for many years. In 1708 be arranged for the press Baxler't Life and Times^ which publication gave rise to a dispute be- tween Calamy and Hoadley. In 1709 he was made D.D. by the universities of Edinburgh, Glasgow, and Aberdeen. After a laborious life, divided between preaching and writing, he died, June 8, 1782. Among his worlcs are DitcowKs on IntpiraHon (Lond. 1710, 8vo) I— Sermons on the Trinity (Lond. 1722, 8vo):— /)e- fense of moderate Non^^ionfonnity (Lond. 1708-6, 8 vols. 8vo): — The Non-confomM» Memorial (Lond. 1721, 2 vols. 8vo) i—Hieiory of his Life and Times, edited by Rutt (Lond. 1829, 2 vols. 8vo)t— Jones, Christ. Biog, s. v. CalaB, Jean, an unfortunate merchant of Toulouse, of the Protestant religion. His son, Marc Antoine, hung himself in a fit of melancholy Oct. 18, 1761. The father was seized as guilty of the murder, on the ground that his son intended to embrace Romanism the next day. No proof could be offered against him, but the fanatical passion of the mob was roused. The corpse was honored as that of a martyr. * * The clergy exerted all their influence to confirm the populace in their delusion. At Toulouse the White Penitents cel- ebrated with great solemnity the funeral of the young man, and the Dominican monies erected a scaffold and placed upon it a skeleton, holding in one hand a wreath of palms, and in the other an abjuration of Protestant- ism. The family of Galas was, in consequence of the popular excitement, brought to trial for the murder, and several deluded and (most probably) some bribed witnesses appeared against them. A Catholic servant- maid, and the young man Lavaysse, were also impli- cated in the accusation. Galas, in his defence, insisted on his uniform kindness to all his children ; reminded the court that he had not only allowed another of his sons to become a Catholic; but had also paid an annual sum for his maintenance since his conversion. He also argued from his own infirmity that he could not have prevailed over a strong young man, and referred to the well-known melancholy moods of the deceased as likely to lead to suicide ; and, lastly, he pointed out the improbability that the Catholic servant-maid would assist in such a murder. But all his arguments proved unavailing, and the Parliament of Toulouse sentenced the wretched man — by a majority of ei^ht against five — to torture and death ^ the wheel! With great firmness, and protestations of his innocence to the last, the old man died on the wheel, March 9, 1762. His property was confiscated. His youngest son was ban- ished for life from France, but was captured by the monks, and compelled to abjure Protestantism. The daughters were sent to a convent^' (Chambers, s. v.). The family of the unhappy man retired to Geneva, and Voltaire subsequently undertook to defend his memory. He succeeded in drawing public attention toward the circumstances of the case, and a revision of the trial was granted. Fifty judges once more examined the facts, and on March 9, 1765, the Parliament of Paris declared Galas altogether innocent. Louis XV order- ed the property of Galas to be restored to his family, and made to the latter a present of 80,000 livres. The investigation at last led to the toleration edict of Louis XVI in 1787.— Bungener, Priest and Hugvenot, vol. ii ; Goquerel, Histoire des J^Uses du Desert (2 vols. Paris, 1841) ; Haag, La France Protestanie, iii, 96 ; Goquerel, Jean Colas et safamiUe (Paris, 1858, 12mo).
Calaaansa, Giuseppe (Josepkus a matre Dd), founder of the order of the Piarists (q. v.), was bom is Aragon in 1556. He entered holy orders in 15^ and went -to Rome, where he obtained the protectiott of Clement VIII, Paul V, and Gregory XV, the latter of whom, after the new order had been founded by Cala- sanza, named him general of it in 1622. He died in 1648, and was canonized in 1767. He is commemon- ted on August 27.— Fehr, Geschiehte d. MSnchsarden^ ii, 61.
Calasio, Mabio di, named from a vilUge of that name in the Abruzzo, where he was bom in 1550. He became a Franciscan, and devoted himself to Hebrew, in which he soon became so great a profident that Pope Paul V made him D.D. and professor of Hebrew at Rome. He is best known by his Bdnrew Cotteord- once, which occupied him during forty years, even with the aid of other learned men. He was about to commit this work to the press, when he died, in 1620. It appeared under the title Concordantia Saerorwn BUbUo- rum ffebraieoB cum convenientiis ling, A rab. et 8yr, (Rome, 1621, 4 vols. foL). Another edition was published br Romaine at London in 1747, but it is not considered so accurate as that of 1621. • Hje is said to have died chanting the Psalms in Hebrew. — Biog, Univ. vi, 604.