Camero, or Cameron, John, one of the greatest Protestant divines of France in the seventeenth cen- tury, and founder of the " moderate" school of Cal- vioism, was bom in Glasgow 1579 or 1580. Before he was twenty he began to lecture in Greek at the Uni- versity of Glasgow ; in 1600 he went to France ; and in 1602 he was made professor of philosophy at Sedan. The Church of Bordeaux defrayed his expenses for four years in studying theology at Paris, Geneva, and Hei- delberg. In 1608 he became pastor at Bordeaux, where he preached with great success until 1618, when
he became professor of theology at Saumur; but oa the dispersion of the University in 1621 by the civil wars he returned to Glasgow, where he taught a short time, and in 1624 was chosen professor of theology at Montauban, France, where he was killed, in a political tumult, in 1625.
Camero*s theology was modified Calvinism. He opposed **the imputation of the active rigfateonsiiess of Christ," and **the non-concurrence of the hmnan will with the grace of God in man's converskm.** He ** adopted from Arminius the doctrine of univer- sal redemption, and the duty of presenting the oilier of salvation, without restriction, to all men." His vie^rs were adopted and developed by Amyrant, Pla- caus, and Cappellus (q. v.), especially the view that Grod does not "move the will physically, bat only morally, hi virtue of its relations to the judgment and intellect." His doctrine, however, is fieir remored fhnn Arminianism, as is shown by his colloquy with Tilenus— ilfi»>ea CoUaltio de Gratim et VoltmL Humana eoncursu (Leyden, 1621) [see Tii<sinj8]-4md also by his Definsio de Gratia et Uibero Ar&trio (Saomor, 1624, 8vo). His doctrine of universal grace may be thus summed up : (1) ** that Grod desires the happineea of all men, and that no mortal is excluded by any divine decree from the benefits that are procured by the death, sufferings, and gospel of Christ; (2) that, however, none can be made a partaker of the bleea- ings of the Gkwpel, and of eternal salvation, unless he believe in Jesus Christ; (8) that such, indeed, is the immense and universal goodness of the Supreme Being, that He refuses to none the power of believing, though he does not grant unto all His assistance and succor, that they may wisely improve this power to the attainment of everlasting salvation ; and that, in consequence of this, multitudes perish through their own fault, and not from any want of goodness in God." Those who embraced this doctrine were called Uni- versaUsts, because they represented God as willing to show mercy to all mankind ; and ffypothetical Umner- salists, because the condition ot Mth in Christ was nec- essaiy to render them the objects of this mercy. See Amtbaut. His writings are collected under the title Opera, partim ab auct, edita, partimpost ej. cbit. mdgata (Genev, 1658, fol.).— Calder, Life of Episeopint, 456; Hook, Eccl. Biog, ii, 407 ; Nichols, Cahinism and Ar- minianism, i, 202 sq. ; Watson, TheoL Inst, ii, 215, 411 ; Smith's Hagenbach, Hist, of Doctrines, § 225, a.
Cameron, Archibald, a Presbyterian minister, was bom in Scotland in 1771 or 1772. When young, he migrated with his parents to America. Little is known of his early years but that he spent some time at the Transylvania University (Kentucky), and completed his studies at Bardstown, when he connected himself with the Prebyterian Church. In 1795 he was licensed, and, as a missionary, dbtributed his labors in the coon- ties of Nelson, Shelby, and Jeffierson. He was installed in 1796 over the churches of Akron and Fox Run, Shel- by, and Big Spring in Nelson, and for several years the field of his labors embraced a circuit of fh>m thir- ty to forty miles. Seven churches were organized by his instrumentality, and he was often obliged to swim the swollen streams to do his duty. During a revival in 1828 large additions were made to his churches, and from this time he supplied the congregations of Shel- bwille and Mulbeny. He died December 4, 1886. He published T%e Faiihfld Steward (1806) :—The Mon- itor, on Religious Liberty, etc. (1806) :— i4a Appeal to Ike Scriptures, etc. (1811) :—A Discourse between the Con" fession of Faith of the Presbyterian Church and a Preadier who holds the Doctrine of an Indefinite and Universal Atonement (1814):— il Defence of <As Doc- tnnes of Grace (a series of Letters, 1816) ;— u4 lUply to Queitions on Predestinaiion, etc. (1822).— Sprague, Annals, iv, 168.
Cameron, Richard, founder of the " Cameroni- ans'* or "Covenanters," was bom at Falkland, in the
CAMERONIANS
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eosBtj of Fife. He fint Acquired notice hy hie bold j opposition to the meesores of Charles II for enibrdng the Episcopal form of worship on the Scottish people, i The measures adopted by the goyemment roused the people, and among those who gave ftdlest expression | to the popular sentiments was Richard Cameron. He belonged to the extreme party, who held by the per- petually binding obligations of the Solenui League and Covenant [see Coyknants], which were set aside at the restoration of Charles II. Along with some others, be strennonsly resisted the measnres that reinstated the Episcopal Chnrch in Scotland, and that proscribed the meetings for public worship of unauthorized re- ligions bodies. Cointrary to law, he persisted in preach- ing in the fields, and became obnoxious to goyemment, to which, indeed, he finally assumed an attitude of defiance. Not only were his doctrines obnoxious to the goyemment, but many of his brethren of the cler- gy dreaded his seal, which they considered extreme, end St a meeting hcdd in Edinburgh in 1677 they for- mally reproyed him. He retired to Holland, but soon ntanied ; and on the 22d of June, 1680, in company with about twenty other persons, he entered the town of Sanquhar in Dumfriesshire, and at the markei- CTOis proclaimed that Charles Stuart had, by his per- juries, his tyrannical goyemment, and his usurpation, fointed all right and title to the crown. The party kept together in arms tor a month ; but on the 20th of July, whUe lying at Airdsmoss in Kyle, they were Borprind by a large body of horse and foot, and in the skiraiish which fbllowed Cameron was killed, and his followers were dispersed or taken prisoners. A neat monument has been recently placed on the spot where Csmeron fell, replacing an old and plainer structure. —EagSik Cydopadia ; Chambers' EncydopadUki Hetb- erington, HittL ofCkmrck ofScotland, ii, 106 sq. ; Biog, Prei6y(^iaaa(Edinb.l885,yol.i}. See CoTKNAirrBBS.