Cameronlans (1.), the mitigated Calyinists, who Mlowed the opinions of John Camero (q. v.). (2.) The anti^yrelatical party in Scotland, so called ttom Bidiard Cameron (q. y.). See CoYEVAirTEBS.
CameroDiBtB. See Cahxboniaks.
Camisards (firom the French comtps, a peasant's jftcket), a sect of iknatics (made such by oppression) m France toward the end of the seyenteenth century. The predictions of Brousson (q. y.) and Jurieu, as to the coming downfall of the papacy and the end of the worid seem to haye given a bent to the minds of the Protestants of Dauphin^ and Yiyarais. " In 1688 fiye or six hundred Protestants of both sexes gaye them- selTes out to be prophets, and inspired of the Holy Ghost They had strange fits, which came upon them with faintings, as in a swoon, which made them stretch ont thehr arms and legs, and stagger. They stmck themsdyes with their hands; they fell on their backs, shut their eyes, and heayed their breasts. The symp- toms answer to those produced by inspiring nitrous oxide, and, were the fiict then discoyeied, we should baye been tempted to suspect imposture. They re- mained a while in trances, and, coming out of them, dedsred that they saw the heayens open, the angels, psrsdise, and helL Those who were jast on the point of receiving the spirit of prophecy dropped down, not only in the assemblies, but in the fields, and in their own houses, crying out Afercy, The least of their as- semUies made np four or fiye hundred, and some of them amounted to eyen three or four thousand. The hills resounded with their loud cries for mercy, and with imprecations against the priests, the pope, and hii anti-Christian dominion, vrith predictions of the tpproaching fidl of popery. All ihey said at these times was heard and receiyed with reyerenoe and swe." The goyemment finally interfered with a yi- olenee which natnrally incressed the disorder. In 1702 a number of the Camisards were put to death irith torture. A war arose, in which Cayalier, a young
baker, became prominent as an able leader. The Mar- shal de Montreyel was sent by the court to quell these disturbances, and, after him, Marahal YiUars; and, after a long series of the most barbarous massacres and perfidious cruelties, these wretched people were finally, in 1706, put down. Cayalier submitted, and afterward went to England. Bayance, Catinat, and Franc^z^ three of their leaders, were bumed aliye, andTilas and Jonquet, also oonunanders of their forces, together with two merchants who assisted them, bro- ken on the wheel. Many of these Camisards fled to England. See Smedley, Reformed JUlu/ion m />tmce, yoL iii, ch. xxy ; Theatre Sacri dei Civetmet (London, 1707, by Max Misson, the chief source of information) Thi Wan of the Cevemus under CavaBer (Dublin, 1726) Schuls, GesckichU der Camuarden (W'eimar, 1790) Court, Hitt, de$ iroubies dee Civetmes (Yillefhmche, 1760); Hittoire dee Camitards (Lend. 1744); Peyrat, Biet. des PcuUws du Desert (Paris, 1842) ; Hoffmann, Gesck, det A ufruhrt in den Cevenmen (Ndrdlingen, 1887). See Fbekch Pbophets.
CammerhoC John Frbdbrick, one of the first bishops of the Morayian Church in America, was bom near Magdeburg, Germany, July 28, 1721. Entering the Morayian ministry, he was sent to America as as- sistant to the presiding bishop, and arriyed at a time when the Church at Bethlehem was a centre of mis- sionary actiyity among the American Indians. '* In all the mission stations in Pennsylyania and New York Cammerhof was actiye, proclaiming the crucified one with great power to the wild warriors, and through the agency of fiiithfol interpreters, among whom was the fimious missionsry Dayid Zeisberger, inviting them in eloquent appeals to look up and see their sal- yation finished." He won the confidence of the In- dians, especially of the Delawares and the Six Na- tions, and in 1748 he was formally adopted by the Oneidas as a member of their tribe. In 1750 he at- tended an Iroquois council at Onondago, N. T., tray- elling by canoes up the Susquehanna for 18 days, and thence on foot through the wild mountain regions of Southern New York a fortnight more. The journey broke down his constitution, and he died at Bethle- hem, April 28, mi.—The Moravian^ Sept. 26, 1861.
Gammon (Heb. Kanon', ^^'Q!\>y perhaps fitU of tUdke or grain ; Sept. Kafuav y. r. 'Pafivuni), the place in which Jair (q. y.) the Judge was buried (Judg. x, 5). As the scriptural notices of him all refer to the country east of Jordan, there is no reason against ac* cepting the statement of Josephus (Ant, y, 7, 6) that Camon (KafuZv) was a city of Gilead. In support of this is the mention by Polybius (y, 70, 12) of a Ca- nrnt (Kafiovg, for Kafiovp) in company with Pella and other trans-Jordanic fdaces taken by Antiocbus (Roland, PalaM. p. 679 ; Bitter, Erdk. xy, 1026). Eu- sebius and Jerome {Onomast, s. y. Ka/icuv, Camon) evidently confound it with the Cyamon (Judith yii, 8) in the plain of Esdraelon ; and this has misled Schwarz (Pakat. p. 283). It is possibly the modem Rdmin (comp. the Sept. reading KlumoiC)^ four and a half miles west-noith-west of Jerash or Gerasa (Van de Volde's Map),
Camp (nsnp, ifioc&aneV, an encampment, wheth- er of troops or nomades, especially of the Israelites in the desert ; hence also put for troope or a company itself; once Hidhp, mackanotk'^ campe, L e. place of encampment, 2 Kings yi, 8; iraptfifioXrf, Heb. xiii, U, 18; Bey. xx, 9; elsewhere "castle")- Of the Jew- ish system of encampment the Mosaic books have left a detailed description. From the period of the so- journ in the wildemess to the crossing of the Jordan ' the twelve tribes were formed into four great armies, I encamping in as many ftonte, or forming a square, with a great space in the rear, where the tabernacle I of the Lord was placed, surrounded by the tribe of