"The migration of the Philistines is mentioned or alluded to in all the passages speaking of Caphtor or the Caphtorim. It thus appears to have been an event of great importance, and this supposition receives support from the statement in Amos. In the lists of Gen. and Chron., as the text now stands, the Philistines are said to have come forth ftx>m the Casluhim — * the Caslu- him, whence came forth the Philistines and the Caph- torim* —where the Heb. forbids us to suppose that the Philistin^ and Caphtorim both came fh>m the Caslu- him. Here there seems to have been a transposition, for the other passages are as explicit, or more so, and their tatm does not admit of this explanation. The period of the migration must have be«n very remote,
CAPHTORIM
104
CAPITO
siiice the Philistines were alremdj eitablished in Pales- tine in Abratiam*s time (Qen. xxi, 82, 34). The evi- dence of the Egyptian monuments, which ia indirect, tends to the same conclusion, but takes us yet fkrther back in time. It leads us to suppose that the Philis- tines and kindred nations were cognate to the Egyp- tians, but so different from them in manners that they must have separated before the character and institu- tions of the latter had attained that development in which they continued throughout the period to which their monuments belong. We find from the sculp- tures of Rameses III at Medinet Ab6 that the Egyp- tians, about 1200 B.C., were at war with the Philis- tines, the Tok-karu, and the Shayratana of the Sea, and that other Shayratana served them as mercena- ries. The Philistines and Tok-karu were physically cognate, and had the same distinctive dress ; the Tok- karu and Shayratana were also physically cognate, and fought together in the same ships. There is rea- son to l)elieve that the Tok-karu are the Carians, and the Shayratana have lieen held to be the Cherethim of the Bible and the earlier Cretans of the Qreeks, in- habiting Crete, and probably the coast of Palestine also (Encyclop. Brit, s. v. Egypt, p. 462). All bear a greater resemblance to the Egyptians than does any other group of foreign peoples represented in their sculptures. This evidence points, therefore, to the spread of a seafaring race cognate to the Egyptians at a very remote time. Their origin is not alone spoken of in the record of the migration of the Philistines, but in the tradition of the Phcenicians that they came from the Erythriean Sea [see Arabia], and we must look ibr the primsBval seat of the whole race on the coasts of Arabia and Africa, where all ancient authorities lead us mainly to place the Cusbites and the Ethiopians. See Cu8H. The difference of the Philistines fh>m the E.i^yptians in dress and manners is, as we have seen, evident on the Egyptian monuments. From the Bible we learn that their laws and religion were likewise dif- ferent from those of Egypt, and we may therefore con- sider our previous supposition as to the time of the separation of the peoples to which they belong to be positively true in their particular case. It is probable that they left Caphtor not long after the first arrival of the Mizraite tribes, while they had not yet attained that attachment to the soil that afterward so eminently characterized the descendants of those which formed the Egyptian nation. The words of the prophet Amos (ix, 7) seem to indicate a deliverance of the Philistines from bondage. The mention of the Ethiopians there is worthy of note : they are perhaps spoken of as a de- graded people. The intention appears to be to show that Israel was not the only nation which had been providentially led from one country to another where it might settle, and the interposition would seem to imply oppression preceding the migration. It may be remarked that Manetho speaks of a revolt and return to allegiance of the Libyans, probably the Lehabim, or Lubim, from whose name Libya, etc, certainly came, in the reign of the first king of the third dynas- ty, Necher6phte or Necherdchis, in the earliest age of EgypUan history, B.C. dr. 2600 (Cory, Anc. Frag, 2d ed. p. 100, 101)" (Smith, Diet. s. v.). See Philistine.
Caph'torlm (Heb. Kaphtorim\ Q'^'^'n^S ; Gen. x, 14, Sept. ra^opwi>, Vulg. Caphlorim; Deut ii, 23, KamradoKfc, Cappadoces, A. V. " Caphtorims ;" 1 Chron. i, 12, Xafopulfi v. r. Ka^opuifi^ Caphthorimj " Caphthorim"), the inhabitants of Caphtor (q. v.).
Caplstranus, Johanhbs {Giowmni de Capittrcmo), a Franciscan, was bom at Capistrano, in the Abruzzi, June 23, 1886. Political troubles, during which he was imprisoned, led him to quit the world, and to usume the Franciscan habit. He led a life of extreme austerity, sleeping only three hours a day, and eating but once daily, without toucliing flesh, for thirty-six years. He was made Inquisitor at Rome, especially against the
Fnitricem(q.v.); and Cave states thai, <* heading the army of Crusaders, as tliey were called, he endeavored to root out heresy by fire and sword, and actually burned to the ground eighty-six villages of the Fratri- celli in Campania." Pope Eugenins lY sent him in 1439 as nuncio to Sicily, and employed him at the Council of Florence in seeking to effect a union be- tween the Qreek and Latin Churches. In 1448 Nich- olas y sent him on a crusade into Bohemia and Hun- gary against the Hussites. After this he stirred up a crusade against the Turics, and in 1466, putting him- self at the head of 100,000 men, raised for the relief of Belgrade, then besieged by Moliammed II, he cairied the standard in the very foremost of the fi^t, and ob- tained a complete victory. He died Oct. 23, 1466, at Villach, in Carinthia. Alexander YII beatified him in 1690, and he was canonised by Benedict XIII in 1724. Among his works are : (1.) Depqpa et conciSi^ tive EccksitB^ cmctorilatej against tiie Fathers of Basle (Venice, 1680, 4to) ; and hi the TraetatuM Jurii (Ibid. 1684, tom. xiii, pt. i, p. 82) :— (2.) /?pecii/i0i» dericontmz — (3.) Specuhm cotucimtim .'—-(4.) De Camme pamitmti- ali (all three in the Tract. Jur,) :— (6.) De EvcotttmrnK eatione; Mairimotdo; Judicio Umeerwaie; AmlUAri^ etc. — Cave, Hi$t. LiL vol. ii, App. p. 163; Hoefer, Nouv, Biog, GineraU, viii, 680 ; Baillet, Vies dee Scnmta, 28 Oct ; Gieseler, Ch, Hidory, period ui, § 132 ; Wetser tt. Welte, Kirckm^Lexikon, U, 324.