Capnis. See Reuchldt.
Cappado'da (Kawwa^ojcm , explained by Herod, vii, 72, as Persic, and lately thou^t by Lassen to be fouid on inscriptions in the form Katpadhula; but Benfisy, MomUtnamm, p. 117, interprets as Kappadah- ja, "province of good horses' *), an ancient and the eaatemmest province of Asia Minor, bounded on the north by Pontns, on the east by the Euphrates and Armenia Minor, on the south by Mount Taurus (be- yond which are Cilicia and Syria), and on the west by Phrygia and Galatia (Strabo, xii, p. 588 sq. ; Ptolemy, ▼, 6; Pliny, vi, 8). The country is mountainous and abounds in water, and was celebrated for the produc- tion of wheat, for its fine pastures, and for its excel- lent breed of horses, asses, and sheep (Strabo, xii, 539; Solin. 47). The inhabitants were notorious for their dnhess and vice (Isidor. Pelus. i, 281 ; iv, 197 ; Jus- tin, zxxviii, 2 ; comp. Porphyrog. Them, i, 2). They were called "Syrians" (oomp. Jablonsky, De lingua UOKM, hi his Oputc. ill, 1 sq. ; Gesen. Man. Plum. p. 11) m the age of Herodotus (i. 72; v, 49), and even in Stra- bo's days they bore the name of KivKoovpoi, or ** Wliite
Syrians** (xii, p. 544), in oontradistinction to those dwelling beyond the Taurus, whose complexion was darkened by the sun (Strabo, xvi, 787). By the an- cient interpreters (see Philo, Opp, ii, 676) they were thought to be meant by " the land of Caphtor" (q. v.) ; but the ancient name of Gappadocia was Katpatuk or Katapatuka (Rawlinson, Jowm. of the Aiiat. Soc, xi, 1, 95). Gappadocia was subjugated by the Persians under Gyrus, but after the time of Alexander the Great it had kings of its own, although tributary to the Seleucidas. Its geographical limits on the west and north were variable. In early times the name reached as far northward as the Euxine Sea. The re- gion of Gappadocia, viewed in this extent, constituted two satrapies under the Persians, and afterward two independent monarchies. One was Gappadocia on the Pontus, the other Gappadocia near the Taurus. Here we have the germ of tine two Roman provinces of Pon- tus and Gappadocia. < See Pontus. Several of the monarchs who reigned in Gappadocia Proper bore the name of Ariarathes (q. v.). One of them is mentioned in 1 Mace, xv, 22. The last qf these monarchs was called Archelaus (see Joseph. Ant, xvi, 4, 6). He was treacherously treated by the emperor Tiberius, who reduced his kingdom to a province A.D. 17. including what was anciently called Lesser Armenia (Tacit. Ann, ii, 42 ; Dio Gass. Ivii, 17). Ghristianity was very early propagated in Gappadocia, for the apostle Peter names it in addressing the Ghristian churches in Asia Minor (1 Pet i, 1). Gappadocians (prop. KamrdSoKic, also KamradSKat) were present -at Jerusalem on the day of Pentecost (Acts ii, 9). The Jewish conununity in this region doubtless formed the nucleus of the Ghris- tian ; and the former may probably be traced to the first introduction of Jewish colonists into Asia Minor by Seleucus (Josephus, Ant. xii, 8, 4). The Boman period, through the growth of large cities and the con- struction of roads, would afiford increased facilities for the spread both of Judaism and Ghristianity. It should be observed that Gappadocia was easily ap- proached from the durection of Palestine and Syria by means of the pass caUed the Gilician Gates, which led up through the Taurus from the low coast of Gilida, and that it was connected, at least under the later em- perors, by good roads with the district beyond the Eu- phrates (see Penny Cyclopadiaj s. v. ; Smith, Did, of Cku$, Geogr. s. v.). See Asia Mimob.
Coin of Cappadocia.
Gappadocia was one of the seven provinces assigned to the diocese of Pontus, at its erection, by Gonstantine the Great and Gonstantius. Under tiie emperor Ya- lens the province of Gappadocia was divided into the provinces of Gappadocia Prima and Secunda, which last was by the emperor Justinian subdivided, the new province being styled Gappadocia Tertia, and having for its metropolitan see Mocissus, or, as it was thence- forward styled, Justinianopolis. The chief see of the second Gappadocia was Tyana, and of the first, GsBsa- rea, which last church was the mother and head of the whole Pontic diocese. See G^sabea.
Cappel (Gappbllus), Jacques, a learned French Protestant divine, was bom at Rennes in March, 1570, of an ancient and honorable family, which produced many theologians, jurists, and statesmen in the fif- teenth, sixteentli, and seventeenth centuries. He be- came pastor at Sedan, and in 1599 professor of He- brew at the academy there, and afterward of theolo- gy, which post he held until his death, September 7, 1624. Among his numerous writings are, Les Uicrts
CAPPEL
106
CAPTAIN
du Bahely on Vhistcire du Siige Romain (Sedan, 1616, 8vo) ; Historia EcdaicuUca Centuria quinqfie (Sedan, 162*2, 4to). After his death appeared his Observadones m N, T, exoepti* Ad. et Apocalgpt, procurante fratre Lndovico Ca^opello (Amst. 1677, 4to) : — Ob$ervatione$ in librot VeL Teti, (in L. Cappel's CommetUariiy Amst. 1689, fol.)* A list of his works is given by Niceron, xxii, 405. — Hoefer, Now, Biog, Gkurak, vlii, 616; Haag, La France ProtettanUe^ s. v.