The denominational statistics of the two provinces were, according to the official census of 1867, a^ fol- lows: Carinthia— Roman Catholics, 807,642; United Greeks, 8; Non-united Greeks, 1; Lutherans, 16,006; Reformed, 18. Carmo/d~Roman Catholics, 466,768; United Greeks, 278; Non-united Greeks, 294 ; Luther- ans, 76 ; Reformed, 26 ; other sects, 1. There are three bishoprics : 1st, the see of Laibach, sufiTragan of the di- ocese of G5rz, with 206 livings, 83 cures, 60 benefices, 676 secular priests, and 44 regular priests ; 2d, the see of Gurk, belonging to the archbishopric of Siiilzburg, contains 204 livings, 72 cueneres, 11 bfices, and counts 421 secular priests, and 17 regular priests ; 8d, the see of Levant, suffragan of Salzburg, with 169 livings, 43 cures, 171 benefices, 406 secular priests, and 72 regular priests. In Camiola there are also 6 convents, occu- pied by 67 monks, and 2 by 56 nuns; in Carinthia there are 70 of the latter, and 8 convents.
The Lutherans are subject to the Superintendent at Vienna. They have in the district of Klagonfurth 2 circuits, with 2 ministers ; and in that of Yillach,' 14 districts and 14 minbters. The latter districts are: 1, Oriach, 1416 persons; 2, Bleiberg, 1000; 8, Dcrn- baoh, 606; 4, Eisentratten, 968; 6, Feffemltz, 621 ; 6, St. Peter, 1624; 7, Fresach, 1600; 8, St. Ruprecht, 1429; 9, Trebesing,1260; 10, Fresdorf, 881 ; 11, Wat- schig, 1168 ; 12, Zlan, 1686 ; 18, Weisbriach, 1178 ; 14, Gnesau, 900 ; 16, Feldkirchen, SOO.—De comvermone Carantanonmn (anonymous) ; Waldau, d. Gesckichte d. Protest, i, Oesterreu^ Steifermark, Kdmthen u. Krain (Anspach, 1788, 2 vols.); Herzog, Real-Encyhkpddie, vii, 208, from which this article is condensed.
Carleton, Gborob, D.D., bishop of Chichester, was bom at Norham, Northumberland, 1669. He was educated by Bernard Gilpin, by whom he was sent to Edmund Hall, Oxford, where he graduated A.B. in 1680, and A.M. in 1685. He remained in the college as fellow and master until 1616. In 1617 he was made bishop of Uandaff. In 1618 he was sent by James I, with Drs. Hall, Davenant, and Ward, to the Synod of Dort, where he defended episcopacy. On his return, the States sent a letter to king James highly com- mending him and the rest of the divines for their vir- tue, learning, piety, and love of peace. He was ad- vanced to the see of Chichester in 1619, of which he continued bishop until his death in 1628. He was a man of solid judgment and various reading, particu- larly in the fiithers and schoolmen ; a strenuous oppo- nent of Rome, and a steady Oalviniat. He wrote Tithes Examined (Lond. 1611, 4to) x—ShoH Directions to hnoiD the true Church (Lond. 1616, 12mo) : — Consensus Ecdesics Catholicm contra Tridentinos (London, 1613, 8vo) '.—Heroioi Characteres (Oxford, 1603, 4to) :_ Vita
CARLISLE
123
CARMANIAN
B, Gilpmi (in Bates, CoBeetvm of Lieu, Lond. 1681), and several other works. — Middleton, Evangelical Biogra^ ^, ii, 455; Hook, Eccl. Biography, iii, 440 ; New and Gmeral Biog. Dictionarg, iii, 153.
Carlisle (Carkohtm), a city In Cumberlandshire, and an episcopal see of the Church of England. It belongs to the province of the archbishop of York. A monastery was commenced here about 1098, and after- ward finished by king Henry I, who richly endowed it, and filled it with regular canons, and farther, at the request of archbbhop Thurstan, erected it into a ca- thedral church. It was the only regular chapter in England composed of Augustinian canons, and who, with the consent of the pope' and the king, ei^oyed the right of electing their bishop. The priory was dis- sdved in January, 1540, and its site and manor given to maintain a dean, prebendaries, etc. The diocese is composed of parts of Cumberland and Westmoreland, and the chapter consists of a dean, archdeacon, chan- cellor, four canons, and three minor canons. The incombent (1868) is Samuel Waldegrave, D.D., con- secrated in I860.— Landon, Ecdes. Diet, s. v.
Carlstadt or Carolostadt, an eminent but vio- lent coadjutor of Luther. His name was Andrew BoDEMSTEiK, bitt he took his surname from his native place in Franconia. The date of his birth is unknown. He studied theology and the canon law at Rome. In 1561 he went to Wittemberg, and after taking several academic degrees and obtaining a great reputation for scholastic learning, he was in 1518 made professor of theology and archdeacon. His intioiacy with Luther began in 1512. When Carlstadt came back from a stay at Rome, about 1515, and found that Luther's opinions woe subverting scholasticism in the University, he at first opposed them violently, but afterward devoted himself to Biblical study, and became one of Luther's most zealous adherents. By some of his contempora- ries his erudition is at this time highly spoken of, but Melancthon denied him either sound learning, geqius, or piety. In escapin«^ fix>m scholasticism he seems to have gone to the opposite extreme of mysticism. In the cdebrated Leipsic Disputation (June 27, 1510) he disputed with Eck (q. v.) upon *' human freedom and divine grace." Lather, being drawn into the debate, lorpassed the other disputants, and from this time the breach between Carlstadt and the great reformer openly manifested itself. The next year (1520) he published a treatise, De ccmonicis Scriptwii, which, al- though defitced by bitter attacks on Luther, was nev- ertheless an able work, setting forth the great princi- ple of Protestantism, viz. the paramount authority of Scripture. He also at this time contended for the au- thority of the epistle of St. James against Luther. On the publication of the bull of Leo X against the re- fc^mers, Carlstadt showed a real and honest courage in standing firm with Lnther. His work on Papal 8(metify (1520) attacks the hifollibility of the pope on the ba^ of the Bible. In 1521, during Luther's con- finement in the Wartburg, Carlstadt had almost sole control of the reform movement at Wittemberg, and was supreme in the University. He attacked mona- ehism and celibacy in a treatise de coelibatu, monachatu ^ vidmtate. His next point of assault was the Afasa, and a riot of students and young citizens against the mass soon followed. On Christmas, 1521, he gave the lacrament in both kinds to the laity, and in German ; and in January, 1522, he married. His headlong zeal led him to do whatever he came to believe right, at onee and arbitrarily. But he soon outran Luther, and one of his great mistakes was in putting the 0. T. on the same footing as the New. On Jan. 24, 1822, Carl- stadt obtained the adoption of a new church constitu- tion at Wittemberg, which is of interest only as the | fint Protestant organization of the Reformation. In i 1^ he gave way to a fanaticism against academic iMnung, insisting that academical degrees we^ sin- .