Caaement (33^t eJknab\ Prov. vii, 6 ; «< lattice," Judg. V, 28), a kind of barrier of open-work, placed before windows in the East, which, being usually open in summer down to the fioor, require some such de- fence. See HousB.
Caahel, formerly an archiepiscopal see in Ireland. This ancient see is now deprived of its metropolitan dignity, and has united to it the sees of Emly, Water- ford, and Lismbre ; the united diocese consisting of the counties of Tippera^, Waterford, and part of Limer- ick. The incumbent in 1866 was Bobert Daly, D.D., consecrated in 1848.
Caaiph^ia (Heb. Kasipl^a'', K^&p^, perhaps from tjDd, sUver, or whiiieh, if the name be not of Arian origin; Sept so translates dpyvpiov), a "place" (fiipQ, t e. region) of the Persian empire, where Le- vites had settied during the Captivity, whence Iddo, with others of them, were sent for by Ezra to Join his party retumhig to Jerusalem (Ezra viii, 17). Gese- nius (Thesaur, p. 708) objects to the identification by some with the Caspiee Ptfke, and of others with the dty Kaswin, that these are not on the route firom Bab- ylon to Palestine. As this position of the place in question, however, is not clear, it is likely that, if the Caspian Sea be not designated by this name, it may refer to the " Caspian** Motmiahu, situated in Media (Strabo, xi, p. 522, 526; Pliny, vi, 15), where Jewish exiles seem to have been located (Tobit i, 16 ; iii, 7) . This is at least &vored by the rabbinical tradition, Fo- jikra Babba (v, 5), and is defended by FQrst (ffeb. ffandtoOrt, s. v.), who adduces also the local tide AJba- md as a coincidence with the silvery summits of the
CASLEV
138
CASSELL
gnow-capped range of Cmncasns (oomp. A^ L e. aUmi, "white").
Cas^ev (Xa<Ti\tv)y a Gnscized form (1 Mace, i, 54; iv, 62, 69; 2 Mace i, 9, 18; z, 6) of the name of the Jewish month elsewhere (Neh. i, 1 ; Zech. vii, 1) Angiidaed Cmaucv (q. y.)>
Caa'^luhim (Heb. Kaduekm% ti'^nVsA, of uncer- tain, but prob. foreign etymology ; Sept. in Gen. Xa- ofjUMWuifAfYvlg. Chathdn; in Chron. XaaXbtvuifi v. r. Xa&kunifAy Ccidmm\ a people whose progenitor was a son of Mizraim (Gen. x, 14 ; 1 Chron. i, 12). In both passages it woold appear, as the text now stands, that the Philistines came forth from the Caslnhim, and not from the Caphtorim, aa b elsewhere expressly stated : here, therefore, there may be a transposition. See Gaphtob. The only clew we have as yet to the posi- tion of the Caslnhim is their place in the list of the sons of Mizraim between the Pathmsim and the Caph- torim, whence it is probable that they were seated in Upper Egypt. See Pathbos. The Sept. seems to identify them with the Chadmcammy d'^S^^H, of Psa. IxviU, 81 (A. v. "princes'"), which some (Michaelis, 8uppl, p. 978), though not the Sept in that place, take to be a proper name, and eompare with the native civil name of Hermopolis Bfagna. This would place the Casluhim in the Heptanomis. See Hashmankim. Bochart (Phaleg, Iv, 81) suggests the identity of the Casluhim with the Coichiant (comp. Michaelis, Spicilep, i, 276 sq.), who are said to have been an £g3rptian col- ony (Herod, ii, 104; Diod. Sic. i, 28; Dionys. Perieg. p. 689; Ammian. Marc xxii, 22; comp. Agath. Hitt, ii, 18) ; but this story and the similarity of name do not seem sufficient to render the supposition a probable one, although Gesenius (see Hitzig, PkUitL p. 86 sq.) gives it his support (Tket. p. 702 ; comp. Bitter, Vor- halle, p. 85 sq. ; Brehmer, ErUdeck, i, 854 sq.). For- ster {Ep, ad Michad, p. 16 sq.) conjectures the Caslu- him to be the inliabitants of Ccutiotis, the tract in which is the slight elevation called Mount Casius (Pliny, V, 12 and 14; Strabo, xvii, 769; Staph. Byz. p. 456). Bunsen assumes this to be proved {Bibehoerk, p. 26). There is, however, a serious difficulty in the way of this supposition — Uie nature of the ground, a low littoral tract of rock, covered with shifting and even quick sand. But Ptolemy (Geogr. iv, 5, 12; comp. Joseph. TFor, iv, 5, 11) gives us the namee of several towns lying in Uiis district, so that it must have been capable of supporting a population, and may, in an earlier period, have been quite adequate to tlie support of a tribe. The position of the Casluhim in the list beside the Pathmsim and the Caphtorim renders it probable that the original seat of the tribe was some- where in Lower £g3rpt, and not fiir from the vicinity of that ** Serbonian Bog betwixt Damiata and Mount Casius old" {Par, Lott, ii, 592). Hiller (Syntag. Herm. p. 178 sq.) refers the name to the Sctymi of the Greeks (Strabo, i, 84; xiv, 667), in the neighborhood of the Lycians (comp. Schulthess, Parad, p. 166 sq.). The supposition of Hitzig (PhiUsL p. 90 sq.) that the Cas- luhim were a Cretan colony in Libya, whence again a colony was sent to Philistia, is merely based upon a vague allusion in Tacitus (Hitt, v, 2). See Ethnoi/-
OGY.
Caa^phon QLatn^ v. r. Xa<T^ and Xa(T<fM^ 1 Mace. V, 86) or Caa^phor (Xair^p v. r. Xatn^v and Xd<T<fna^y 1 Mace, v, 26), one of the fortified cities in the '*land of Galaad,*' i. e. Gilead (1 Mace, v, 26), in which the Jews took refuge from the Ammonites under Timotheus (comp. ver. 6), and which, with other cities, was taken by Judas Maccabieus (v, 86). Jose- phus, in the parallel account (Ant, xii, 8^ 8), calls it Chcuph&ma (Xaffpiafxa), Grotius and Calmet (in loc.) consider it the same (but on very slight grounds) with Hbshbox (q. v.). It was situated near Bostra, Ash- taroth-Kamaim, and Edrei, and was perhaps one of