Archbishop Grindal and Dr. Whitgift zealously op- posed Gartwright, and in 1571 he was deprived of his profSessorship and fellowship. He retired from Eng- land to the Continent, beaune chaplain at Antwerp, and afterward at Middleburg. At the end of about two years he returned to England, and published a Seoomi Admamikm to the Paiameni, with a petition for relief from the subscription required by the eccle- siastical commissioners. He had a controversy of pamphlets with Whitgift, and was greatly persecuted hj that prelate, and was twice imprisoned. In 1585 be obtained fh>m the earl of Leicester the mastership of the new hospital at Warwick. In 1592 he was lib- erated tram his second imprisonment, and returned to the mastership of the hospital at Warwick, where he died, Dec 27, 1608 (or 1602, according to Isaac Wal- ton). Gartwright was a man of great parts. Beza wrote of him : ** I think the sun does not see a more learned man.*' Froude, in his History of En^and (1866, voL iv), g^ives an elaborate panegyric of Cart- vright Among his writings are, Commentaria Practu- ea m toUm Hutariam Eoai^eUcam (1630, 4to; and by L. Elzevir, at Amsterdam, 1647 ; Eng. version, 1650) : -"CimmeiUani im Proverbia 8aiamoni$ (Amsterdam, 1638, 4to) i^Meiaphram et HomUia tn JJbrum Eeden- atles (ibid. 1647, etc) :—A Body of Divinity (London, 1616, ^):-^Direetory for Church Qovemmmt (1644, 4to):— (^m/Watiofi of the Rhamth TedamaU (1618, fill). His exegedcal writings are still of value. Dr. Alexander Qn Kitto*s Cydopctdui, s. v.) says that Hengstenberg, in his work on Eoclesiastes, borrows htfgely^om Cartwfight's Metaphrasis. See Strype, W« of Whkyift ; Hook, Ecd, Biography, iii, 479 ; Neal, BIttory ofth$ Pitritant, 1,172; 11, 48, et al.; ill, 404; Walton's Live$; Middleton, Evany. Biography, ii, 826. Caxtwright, Thomas, D.D., bishop of Salisbury, was bom at Northampton Sept 1, 1684. He studied at Magdalen Hall and Queen's College, Oxford, and, sfter taking orders, became chaplain of Queen's, and ricar of Walthamstow. In 1659 he was preacher of
St. Mary Magdalen, Fish Street After the Bestora* tion he was made domestic diaplain to Henry, duke of Gloucester; prebendary of Twyford, in the church of St Paul ; of Chalfbrd, in the church of Wells; a chaplain in ordinary to the king; and rector of St Thomas the Apostle, London. In 1672 he was made prebendary of Durham, and in 1677 dean of Ripon. His loyalty was, in 1686, rewarded with the bishopric ' of Cliester. At the Revolution he fled to France, and performed divine service at St Germain, according to the English ritual, fbr such as resorted to him. On the death of Dr. Seth Ward, king JkmeB nominated him to the see of Salisbury. In the spring of 1688 he went to Ireland, and finally died there, April 15, 1689. He wrote a Diary, published by the Camden Society in 1843.— Hook, Ecdu. Biog. iii, p. 480 sq.
CarvajaL I. Giovanki, horn in the year 1400, of an illustrious Ikmily of Ajidalusia, became bishop of Piacenxia, and governor of Rome. He was present at the Council of Basle, where he so warmly defended the interest of the papacy that Eugene lY created him cardinal in 1446. The succeeding popes sent him as their legate to Germany, Bohemia, and Hungary. He died at Rome in 1469.
II. Bkrnabdimo, nephew of the preceding, was bom at Piacensia in 1456. In 1498 he became cardi- nal and papal nuncio in Spain. He was put under the ban by Pope Julius II fbr having, in 1511, assembled the Council of Pisa, before which the pope was cited on account of his conduct toward the emperor Mazi^ mUian and king Louis XII of France. Leo X, how- ever, restored him his dignities ui 1518, and he was employed on important "mlssbns by the succeeding popes. He died bishop of Ostia in 1528.— Pierer, Uni- venal'Lexihon, s.v.
Carve, in some of its forms, is the rendering in the Anth. Vers, of several Heb. words tiom the following roots : 1. Prop. 5^)5, farfa', to "carve" wood (1 Kings Ti, 29, 82, 85) ; hence ri?i;3tt, ndkla'aih, ectdpture in relief (1 'Kings vi, 18, 29, 82 ; ' "graving," vi, 31). 2. tS'^H, charash', to engrcate; whence n)^*^n, charo'^ sheth^ cutting of wood or stone (Exod. xxxi, 5 ; xxzv, 88). 8. nijn, chakah\ to hem; whence ^Ijno, me- chuiheh^, carved (1 Kings vi, 85). 4. fintt, *;««*<«*', to open ; in Piel, to icidptwre (" grave") wood (1 Kings vii, 86; 2 Chron. iii, 7), gems (Exod. xxviii, 9, 86; 2 Chron. ii, 7, 14), etc (Exod. xxviii, 11; xxxix, 6; Zech. iii, 9) ; whence mT\1k,pim'&ch, sculpture (Exod. xxviii, 11, 21, 86; Pea. ixxiv, 6; 1 Bangs vi, 29; elsewhere "gravhig," etc.). 6. MH, chatab\ to cut into figures; whence t^i^W, chatuboty, variegated (Prov. vii, 16). 6. Especially, bOD, pasaT, to hew w shape ; whence bott, pe'sel, a " carved" or " graven" image (Exod. xx,'^4, and often). 7. the Greek word "carve" in the Apocrypha is y\v(pw (Wisd. xiii, 18; 1 Mace. V, 68). See eStqrayb.
The Egyptians were extremely fond of carving on articles of furniture, and also in the decoration of walls and ceilings ; and, Indeed, there was scarcely a comer in an Egyptian palace destitute of carved ornaments. See Handicraft. The ebony and ivory required for these costly works were obtained, either as a tribute or by traffic, fhmi the Ethiopian nations. We f^ quently find both elephants* teeth and logs of ebony represented t>n the monuments'as brought to the Egyp- tian monarchs ; and we learn that Solomon did not erect his splendid ivory throne until he had opened a ' communication with the nations bordering on the Red Sea, through his alliance with the king of Tyre. The I arts of carving and engraving were much in request , in the construction both of the Tabernacle and^e I Temple (Exod. xxxi, 2, 5 ; xxxv, 88 ; 1 Kfaigs vi, 18, 35; Psa. Ixxlv, 6), as well as in the ornamentation of ' the j^esUy dresses (Exod. xxviii, 9-86; Zech. iii, 9;